本文選題：美國憲法 + 憲法變遷　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國是當(dāng)今世界政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化的超級大國,其長期穩(wěn)定的政局是其國家全面高速發(fā)展的重要因素,而其政局之所以穩(wěn)定,有賴于美國憲法的發(fā)展以及圍繞美國憲法體系構(gòu)建的各種國家制度的保障。另外,美國憲法是世界歷史上第一部成文憲法,也是世界上最為穩(wěn)定、存續(xù)時(shí)間最長、對世界各國影響較大的一部憲法,被譽(yù)為“成文憲法的典范”。美國憲法的發(fā)展和變化一直都是各國關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),因?yàn)?美國憲法及其構(gòu)建的憲政體系具有很高的研究價(jià)值和借鑒意義。今天,我們站在前人的肩膀上再來研習(xí)美國憲法及其歷史,最主要的目的是為了加深對民主、憲政的理解。同時(shí),也希望在優(yōu)秀學(xué)者們的研究成果中能激出一兩點(diǎn)思想的火花。 憲法變遷,從不同的角度有不同的理解,有從制度方面研究憲法變遷的,也有從歷史角度進(jìn)行研究的,還有從哲學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、比較法學(xué)等等角度來研究的。本文則主要從法典化的角度,即憲法文本的變遷的角度,來探討美國憲法變遷的過程。本文在寫作上,從美國憲法變遷的歷史背景,運(yùn)用歷史考察的方式、唯物辯證的分析方法,來探討美國憲法變遷中的規(guī)律問題。 規(guī)律是事物內(nèi)部的本質(zhì)聯(lián)系和發(fā)展的必然趨勢。探討中我們發(fā)現(xiàn):美國憲法的發(fā)展由一個(gè)個(gè)偶然的歷史事件所引發(fā),但其演進(jìn)的方向和趨勢卻是歷史的必然;美國憲法變遷與公民權(quán)利和國家權(quán)力的關(guān)系有本質(zhì)的聯(lián)系;美國憲法確立了人民主權(quán)原則、三權(quán)分立原則和聯(lián)邦制原則等,其發(fā)展又依賴這些原則所構(gòu)建的制度來進(jìn)行保障。因而,筆者認(rèn)為美國憲法變遷是存在一定規(guī)律的,這些規(guī)律對世界其他國家的憲法發(fā)展和憲政建設(shè)有巨大的影響,對于我國的憲法完善以及憲政制度建設(shè)也有較強(qiáng)的借鑒意義和啟示作用。
[Abstract]:The United States is a political, economic, military and cultural superpower in the world today. Its long-term stable political situation is an important factor in its country's all-round and high-speed development, and its political situation is stable. It depends on the development of American constitution and the guarantee of various national systems built around American constitutional system. In addition, the constitution of the United States is the first written constitution in the history of the world. It is also the most stable and long-lasting constitution in the world. The development and change of American constitution have always been the focus of attention of all countries, because the constitution and the constitutionalism system of the United States have high research value and reference significance. Today, we stand on the shoulders of our predecessors to study the Constitution and its history, the main purpose of which is to deepen our understanding of democracy and constitutionalism. At the same time, it is also hoped that in the research results of outstanding scholars, one or two points of thought can be stimulated. Constitutional changes have different understandings from different angles, some of them study constitutional changes from the perspective of system, and some study them from a historical point of view. There are also from the philosophy, economics, comparative law and other angles to study. This paper mainly discusses the process of American constitutional change from the angle of codification, that is, the change of constitutional text. In writing, from the historical background of American constitutional change, using the method of historical investigation and materialistic dialectical analysis, this paper probes into the law of American constitutional vicissitude, which is the essential connection and the inevitable trend of the development of things. In the course of discussion, we find that the development of American constitution is caused by a series of accidental historical events, but the direction and trend of its evolution is a historical necessity, and the changes of the constitution of the United States have an essential relation with the relationship between civil rights and state power. The constitution of the United States establishes the principle of people's sovereignty, the principle of separation of powers and the principle of federalism, and its development depends on the system constructed by these principles to guarantee its development. Therefore, the author believes that there are certain laws of constitutional changes in the United States, which have a great impact on the constitutional development and constitutional construction of other countries in the world. It can also be used for reference and enlightenment for the improvement of constitution and the construction of constitutional system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2;DD911

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