本文選題：古代 + 清官�。� 參考：《華東政法大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 中國古代法律文化中,存在一種獨有的司法文化,民眾把一些具有優(yōu)良特質,能秉公執(zhí)法、不阿權貴的官員稱為“青天”,這些“青天”司法官的精神和事跡被歷代百姓津津樂道并廣泛傳頌,成為官員的楷模、民眾的寄托。這樣的文化背景下,中國古代的司法傳統(tǒng)不斷延續(xù),也許它順應了當時當世的民眾心理和社會價值取向,但卻為法律的發(fā)展帶來諸多不良的后果。 本文從研究中國法律文化的角度入手,選取古代司法“青天”的社會地位為落腳點,從民眾的“青天”崇拜傾向分析當時社會中存在的法律文化現(xiàn)象。這種“青天”崇拜傾向所產生的原因和造成的后果無形中構成相輔相成的關系,使得該文化現(xiàn)象不斷得到鞏固。 全文的內容主要由六個部分組成: 第一部分是引言,主要介紹本文的選題意義、研究目的與研究現(xiàn)狀。 第二部分為第一章,從廉潔敬業(yè)、政績卓著、剛正不阿、明察善斷、重情重理五個方面總結概括古代司法“青天”人物的主要共同特征,試圖從史料記載中尋找歸納出此類歷史人物的共性。 第二章,從雙音節(jié)詞語“青天”的兩個組成部分“青”和“天”兩方面深入分析這種崇拜意識或者說清官文化的根源所在。“青”隱喻“清”,后者代表中國所特有的清官文化;“天”則從傳統(tǒng)天道觀以及父母官意識等方面解析古代民眾崇拜“青天”的原因。 接下來的第三章,著重審視“青天”崇拜傾向給法律領域所帶來的不良后果:由于情理的過多運用和司法官員個人起關鍵作用導致法律權威的缺失;民眾期待無所不能的“青天”處理大小事務造成司法難與行政相分離;堅決除惡揚善的主觀意識導致重實體輕程序的法律觀念;以及由于對“青天”的過分依賴而壓抑個體的發(fā)展使得個體意識、民主意識欠缺。 第四章在該種法律文化對于現(xiàn)今社會的法治建設方面作簡要補充。雖然這種盲目崇拜要堅決剔除,但我們不能全盤否定古代司法“青天”的個人素質修養(yǎng),其中有許多好的品質值得我們學習。同時,也可以從另一個角度切入問題,把崇敬轉化成為監(jiān)督和問責。 最后是本文的結語,社會文明始終是延續(xù)不斷的,我們要客觀分析、理性評價中國古代法律文化,才能對現(xiàn)代社會的法治建設起到幫助和推動的作用。
[Abstract]:In the ancient Chinese legal culture, there was a unique judicial culture. The public referred to some officials who had excellent characteristics and were capable of enforcing the law impartially. The spirit and deeds of these "Qingtian" magistrates have been talked about and widely spread throughout the ages, becoming the role models of officials and the sustenance of the people. Under such cultural background, the judicial tradition of ancient China has continued continuously. Perhaps it conforms to the psychological and social value orientation of the people in the current world, but it brings many adverse consequences for the development of the law. From the point of view of studying Chinese legal culture, this paper selects the social status of ancient judicial "Qingtian" as the foothold, and analyzes the phenomenon of legal culture in the society at that time from the tendency of people's worship of "Qingtian". The causes and consequences of this tendency of worship of the "Qingtian" invisibly form a complementary relationship, which makes the cultural phenomenon constantly consolidated. The full text consists of six parts: The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the significance of this topic, research purposes and research status. The second part is the first chapter, which summarizes the main common characteristics of the ancient judicial "Qingtian" figures from five aspects: honest and professional, outstanding achievements, integrity, good knowledge and judgment. This paper tries to find out the commonness of such historical figures from the historical records. In the second chapter, the author analyses the two components of the two-syllable word "Qingtian", "Qing" and "Tian", and analyzes the root of this kind of worship consciousness or the culture of clean officials. "Qing" is a metaphor for "Qing", which represents the unique culture of clean officials in China, and "Heaven" analyzes the reasons for the ancient people's worship of "Qingtian" from the aspects of the traditional temple of Heaven and the consciousness of parents' officials. The third chapter focuses on the negative consequences of the worship tendency of "Qingtian" on the legal field: the lack of legal authority due to the excessive use of reason and the key role played by the individual judicial officials; The public expects the omnipotent "green sky" to deal with the big and small affairs, which results in the separation of judicial difficulties from administration, the subjective consciousness of resolutely eliminating evil and promoting good, which leads to the legal concept of valuing the entity and neglecting the procedure; And because of the excessive dependence on "Qingtian" and suppress the development of individual, individual consciousness, democratic consciousness is lacking. The fourth chapter makes a brief supplement to the legal culture in the construction of the rule of law in today's society. Although this kind of blind worship should be resolutely eliminated, we can not completely deny the personal qualities of the ancient judicial "Qingtian", among which there are many good qualities that we should learn from. At the same time, can also from another angle cut into the issue, reverting into supervision and accountability. Finally, the conclusion of this paper, social civilization has always continued, we should objective analysis, rational evaluation of ancient Chinese legal culture, in order to help and promote the construction of the rule of law in modern society.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D909.2

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