發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-29 06:09

  本文選題：私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán) + 金融危機(jī)　； 參考：《云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： “沒有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán),就不可能有正義”,洛克在《人類理解論中》中如此言到。財(cái)產(chǎn)是人的自然需要,人們對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)的欲望隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展而增長,“天下熙熙,皆為利來;天下攘攘,皆為利往”,這種欲望需要由社會(huì)制度來固定——是為財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)。法律是社會(huì)制度的最高形式,它是特定社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的反映,必將隨社會(huì)的前進(jìn)而演變,法律對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)也將隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而進(jìn)步。人類社會(huì)的前進(jìn)呈現(xiàn)過原始社會(huì)、奴隸社會(huì)、封建社會(huì)、資本主義社會(huì)和社會(huì)主義社會(huì)等五種形態(tài),社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也經(jīng)歷了自然經(jīng)濟(jì)、簡單商品經(jīng)濟(jì)、市場經(jīng)濟(jì)等多個(gè)階段。當(dāng)前,世界大多數(shù)國家處于高度發(fā)展的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期,我國也確立了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,并取得了長足發(fā)展,這種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的私法基礎(chǔ)便是私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的運(yùn)行自由。 但矛盾是普遍存在的,任何社會(huì)的權(quán)利和自由都是相對(duì)的,在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的高度自由促進(jìn)了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮,而財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的過度自由也造成了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)蕩,尤其是日前金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā),不能否認(rèn)金融行為過度自由的弊害,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)行為做出適度限制已勢在必行;并且,當(dāng)前市場上的流動(dòng)性過剩、信貸擴(kuò)張、通貨膨脹愈演愈烈,充分暴露了市場機(jī)能的無力或失效,急需國家的有效調(diào)控。 因此,權(quán)利體系的和諧與沖突共同維持著法律秩序的“陰陽平衡”,權(quán)利制度不僅要注重權(quán)利自由、促進(jìn)權(quán)益實(shí)現(xiàn),也要關(guān)注權(quán)利沖突、給予適當(dāng)限制;國家管理更要注重經(jīng)濟(jì)自由與國家干預(yù)的協(xié)調(diào)。和諧社會(huì)不能回避沖突,而應(yīng)使沖突(尤其是金融危機(jī))的化解機(jī)制制度化,實(shí)現(xiàn)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和諧社會(huì)下個(gè)人自由與社會(huì)正義的協(xié)調(diào)。 縱觀國內(nèi)外學(xué)者在私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)方面的研究成果,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)自由與限制問題的研究高潮出現(xiàn)在二十世紀(jì)80年代之后。學(xué)者們從哲學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、法學(xué)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行探討,隨社會(huì)變遷和研究角度的不同,形成的觀點(diǎn)也見仁見智。但是,國內(nèi)外對(duì)私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的研究主要集中在是否承認(rèn)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的私有、公共利益的認(rèn)定,以及具體事例的規(guī)制方面,私法領(lǐng)域的研究還停留于公民財(cái)產(chǎn)生活,未能聯(lián)系國家經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行;不同學(xué)科間的研究亦各行其是,不能相互借鑒、融會(huì)貫通。我國學(xué)界和實(shí)踐中對(duì)私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)自由與限制的探索更存在許多局限,一方面,忽視私法在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中的基礎(chǔ)作用,割裂了財(cái)產(chǎn)制度與經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的關(guān)系;另一方面,或保守或冒進(jìn)的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)理念不利于法制體系的完善和現(xiàn)實(shí)矛盾的解決。因此,正視私法是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本法,正視私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)與限制的關(guān)系,注重個(gè)人自由與社會(huì)正義的和諧統(tǒng)一,具有重大的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文擬采用理論分析法、實(shí)證分析法、比較分析法、演繹歸納法和哲學(xué)思辨法。運(yùn)用理論分析法,從私法和私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的基本理論推出私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)自由與限制的理論基礎(chǔ);采用實(shí)證分析法,以公共利益和財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的沖突提出私人財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)限制的現(xiàn)實(shí)原因;依據(jù)比較分析法,闡述財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度中中西方立法模式的不同;按照演繹歸納法,從私法的基本原則引出其具體表現(xiàn),并從實(shí)例的規(guī)制總結(jié)出社會(huì)管理理念的轉(zhuǎn)變;最后遵循哲學(xué)思辨法,從哲學(xué)方面論證經(jīng)濟(jì)自由與國家干預(yù),權(quán)利保護(hù)和權(quán)利限制的辯證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系。 學(xué)生擬通過本文的寫作,通過私法理念由權(quán)利本位向社會(huì)本位的轉(zhuǎn)變,把握財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)自由與限制的協(xié)調(diào),思考私法與市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系,探討財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)發(fā)展對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的影響,努力提出相關(guān)完善措施,以期對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)行中的矛盾稍有緩解,以期對(duì)和諧社會(huì)的建設(shè)稍有貢獻(xiàn)!學(xué)生深知此項(xiàng)研究牽涉甚廣、甚深,僅憑一己之力、微薄之力顯然力不從心,故只能探索性地做一些初步嘗試,以求拋磚引玉。
[Abstract]:"Without the right of property, there can be no justice," Rock said in the human understanding. Property is the natural needs of human beings. People's desire for property grows with the development of human society. "All the world hee is profitable; all the world is busy," the desire needs to be fixed by the social system - for property rights. Law is the highest form of social system. It is a reflection of the productive forces and production relations of a particular society. It will inevitably evolve with the progress of the society. The protection of property rights by law will also progress with the development of the economy. The advance of human society presents the original society, the slave society, the feudal society, the capitalist society and the socialist society. The five forms, the social and economic development also experienced the natural economy, the simple commodity economy, the market economy and many other stages. At present, most countries in the world are in the highly developed market economy period, our country also established the market economy system, and made great progress. The private property right of this kind of economic system is the operation of the private property right. Freedom.
But the contradictions are universal, and the rights and freedoms of any society are relative. In modern society, the high freedom of property rights promotes the prosperity of the market economy, and the excessive freedom of property rights has also caused the turbulence of the market economy, especially the outbreak of the financial crisis in advance, which can not deny the abuse of excessive freedom of financial behavior. It is imperative to make moderate restrictions on economic behavior, and the current market liquidity surplus, credit expansion and inflation are increasing, which fully exposes the weakness or failure of the market function, and it is in urgent need of the effective control of the country.
Therefore, the harmony and conflict of the rights system jointly maintain the "balance of yin and Yang" of the legal order. The right system should not only pay attention to the freedom of rights, promote the realization of rights and interests, but also pay attention to the right conflict and give appropriate restrictions; the State Administration should pay more attention to the coordination of economic freedom and state intervention. In particular, the financial crisis should be institutionalized to achieve the harmony between individual freedom and social justice in a harmonious market economy.
Looking at the achievements of scholars at home and abroad in the field of private property rights, we can find that the high tide of research on the freedom and limitation of private property rights appears after the 80s twentieth Century. Scholars have discussed from many fields, such as philosophy, economics, law, and so on. However, the research on private property rights at home and abroad is mainly focused on whether to recognize the private property, the identification of the public interests, and the regulation of specific cases. The research on private law still stays in the life of the citizens and fails to contact the economic operation of the country; the research between different disciplines is also different from each other and can not be used for reference. There are many limitations in the exploration of the freedom and limitation of private property rights in the Chinese academia and practice. On the one hand, it neglects the basic role of private law in the market economy and separates the relationship between the property system and the economic operation; on the other hand, the concept of conservative or offensive property rights is not conducive to the perfection of the legal system and the contradiction of reality. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to face the private law as the basic law of the market economy, to confront the relationship between the protection and limitation of private property rights, and to pay attention to the harmony and unity of individual freedom and social justice.
This paper uses theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, comparative analysis, deductive induction and philosophical speculation. Using theoretical analysis, the theoretical basis of private property rights freedom and restriction is introduced from the basic theories of private and private property rights, and the restriction of private property rights is put forward by the conflict of public interests and property rights. On the basis of comparative analysis, this paper expounds the differences between the Chinese and Western legislative modes in the property rights system, according to the deductive induction, derives its specific performance from the basic principles of private law, and sums up the transformation of the concept of social management from the regulation of the case, and finally follows the philosophical thinking method to demonstrate the economic freedom and state intervention from the philosophical aspect. The dialectical unity of the protection of interest and the limitation of rights.
Through the writing of this article, the students will change from the right standard to the social standard through the idea of private law, grasp the coordination of the freedom and restriction of property rights, think about the relationship between the private law and the market economy, explore the influence of the development of property rights on the economic operation, and try to put forward some relevant measures in order to alleviate the contradictions in the operation of the society slightly, with a view to the The construction of a harmonious society has made a little contribution! Students know this research is very wide and deep, and only with one's own strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D913;D90-05

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本文編號(hào)：1949793