本文選題：俄羅斯 + 權(quán)威崇拜　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 俄羅斯的權(quán)威崇拜有著悠久的歷史,形成了俄羅斯民族的文化傳統(tǒng)。這種權(quán)威崇拜傳統(tǒng)對(duì)俄羅斯民族的進(jìn)步、發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,特別是在俄羅斯的憲政進(jìn)程中,權(quán)威崇拜使得憲政彰顯了個(gè)人的因素,憲政進(jìn)程也隨之充滿變數(shù),飄忽不定、無章可循。這不僅表現(xiàn)在沙皇專制主義時(shí)代,即便是在俄羅斯憲政制度建立后的今天,憲政制度仍然受到個(gè)人權(quán)威的挑戰(zhàn)。 俄羅斯民族是個(gè)年輕而歷經(jīng)磨難的民族,在民族的演化進(jìn)程中,由于特殊的歷史原因在這個(gè)民族的靈魂中形成了獨(dú)特的女性氣質(zhì)而且充滿感性,這些特質(zhì)使得民族本身崇尚強(qiáng)者、服從權(quán)威,這種傳統(tǒng)在民族歷史的長河中逐步演進(jìn)、影響深遠(yuǎn)。由于權(quán)威崇拜傳統(tǒng)與西方近代的憲政思想存在不可調(diào)和的價(jià)值沖突,所以它對(duì)俄羅斯憲政進(jìn)程的影響非常巨大,2008年俄羅斯大選只是一個(gè)縮影。因此本文定位于探究俄羅斯民族崇拜權(quán)威傳統(tǒng)的歷史以及俄羅斯憲政的歷史進(jìn)程,并嘗試分析、總結(jié)同一歷史中兩種社會(huì)意識(shí)的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。 本文主要包括五個(gè)部分: 引論部分的內(nèi)容主要是簡要介紹2008年俄羅斯大選和俄羅斯聯(lián)邦首次修憲的情況、以及各方的爭議與調(diào)和。對(duì)關(guān)于俄羅斯憲政研究、俄羅斯精神文化研究的歷史及相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)加以介紹。同時(shí)對(duì)本文的研究視角和寫作方法加以說明。筆者在引論中提出,在權(quán)威崇拜和憲政進(jìn)程研究中,將展示歷史事實(shí)作為第一目標(biāo),所有的總結(jié)歸納應(yīng)建立在歷史依據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)之上。 第一章對(duì)俄羅斯的權(quán)威崇拜傳統(tǒng)的形成、演變及其原因加以介紹。從原始的自然崇拜到專制主義制度下的沙皇崇拜、蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的個(gè)人崇拜、西方民主體制下的“普京崇拜”,俄羅斯民族的權(quán)威崇拜有著明晰的歷史脈絡(luò)。雖然各個(gè)時(shí)期的原因不同,但相互交織影響,并同源于俄羅斯靈魂深處的民族精神。飽受磨難的歷史和東西文化的雙重影響,是俄羅斯民族特質(zhì)形成的深層原因。 第二章是對(duì)俄羅斯憲政進(jìn)程的回顧,主要分為俄羅斯憲政思想和憲政制度的演化進(jìn)程,俄羅斯的憲政思想包括俄羅斯民族自身演化中的原發(fā)性憲政思想和受西方啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)影響下的憲政思想,憲政制度演進(jìn)則貫穿沙皇專制統(tǒng)治后期、民主革命時(shí)期、蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期和獨(dú)立的后俄羅斯整個(gè)俄羅斯近現(xiàn)代史。無論是俄羅斯早期原發(fā)性的憲政思想還是在受西方啟蒙思想影響下的憲政制度探索,無論是專制主義制度下還是西方民主制度下,俄羅斯的權(quán)威領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都在憲政進(jìn)程中成為“關(guān)鍵要素”,這是本章揭示的重點(diǎn)。 第三章對(duì)前文內(nèi)容加以分析,總結(jié)權(quán)威崇拜傳統(tǒng)對(duì)憲政進(jìn)程的影響。首先揭示權(quán)威崇拜的實(shí)質(zhì)及與憲政的內(nèi)在沖突,沖突的本質(zhì)是感性與理性、人治與法治的沖突,存在不可調(diào)和的矛盾,具體影響分為促進(jìn)和禁錮兩個(gè)方面,兩個(gè)方面都以憲政進(jìn)程中的權(quán)威因素為依據(jù),在肯定權(quán)威崇拜在特定歷史時(shí)期對(duì)于憲政進(jìn)程具有促進(jìn)作用的同時(shí),揭示了它最終禁錮和阻礙了憲政進(jìn)程的本質(zhì)。 結(jié)語部分首先對(duì)俄羅斯權(quán)威崇拜的“感性”加以總結(jié),得出“法”作為理性的產(chǎn)物它無法成為俄羅斯民族的權(quán)威,俄羅斯目前處于權(quán)威與法理結(jié)合型政治形態(tài)下。歷史文化傳統(tǒng)的深層影響使得俄羅斯憲政之路充滿曲折。
[Abstract]:Russia ' s authority worship has a long history , formed the cultural tradition of the Russian nationality . This authoritative worship tradition has exerted a profound influence on the progress and development of the Russian people , especially in Russia ' s constitutional government process , the constitutional government shows the individual factor , the constitutional government process is filled with variable , erratic and arbitrary rules . This is not only manifested in the czar ' s authoritarian age , even after the establishment of the Russian constitutional system , the constitutional system is still challenged by the individual authority .



In the course of the nation ' s evolution , the Russian nationality is a young and difficult nation , and in the process of nation ' s evolution , it has formed a unique feminine temperament and sensibility in the soul of the nation because of the special historical reasons . It has exerted profound influence on Russia ' s constitutional process . Therefore , it is based on the history of the traditional Chinese culture and the historical process of the Russian constitutional government , and tries to analyze and summarize the joint points of the two social consciousness in the same history .



This paper mainly includes five parts :



The introduction part mainly introduces the Russian general election in 2008 and the first constitutional amendment of the Russian Federation , as well as the dispute and reconciliation of the parties . The author gives an introduction to the history of Russian constitutional research and Russian spiritual culture research and the related academic viewpoints . In the introduction , the author puts forward that in the research of authoritative worship and constitutional government , the historical fact is displayed as the first goal , and all the summary and summary should be based on the historical basis .



The first chapter introduces the formation , evolution and reasons of the traditional Chinese authority worship tradition . From the original natural worship to the worship of the czars under the system of absolutism , the cult of the Soviet period and the " Putin worship " under the western democratic system , the authority worship of the Russian nationality has a clear historical context . Although the reasons for each period are different , the interweave influence is the same as the national spirit originated from the soul of Russia . The double influence of the history of suffering and the culture of western culture is the deep cause of the formation of the Russian national character .



The second chapter is a review of the process of constitutional government in Russia , which is mainly divided into the evolution process of Russian constitutional thought and constitutional government .



The third chapter analyzes the contents of the previous text , summarizes the influence of authority worship tradition on the process of constitutional government . Firstly , it reveals the essence of authoritative worship and the internal conflicts with the constitutional government . The essence of conflict is the conflict between the sensibility and reason , the rule of man and the rule of law .



The concluding part firstly summarizes the " sensibility " of Russian authoritative worship , and concludes that the " law " as the product of reason cannot be regarded as the authority of the Russian national , and Russia is currently under the combination of authority and law . The deep influence of historical and cultural tradition makes the road of Russia ' s constitutional government be full of twists and turns .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：DD911;D951.2

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