本文選題：英國 + 憲政�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 英國是立憲之母,它的憲政制度對世界其他國家的影響非常深遠,在世界憲政史上占據(jù)著不可替代的地位。講起憲政必言英國,這不僅是因為它產(chǎn)生最早,而且特點鮮明、獨樹一幟。英國的憲政發(fā)展道路之所以不同于歐洲大陸,在于兩個方面：形式上,英國走的是一條斗爭與妥協(xié)相融合的道路——“光榮革命”；內(nèi)容上,英國國王是國教會的領袖,保留了國王,率先確立君主立憲制。英國的憲政制度是十三、十四世紀以來逐漸積累的必然結果,是實際經(jīng)驗演進的歷史成果。在分析了英國的憲政史、宗教史和法律史之后,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)英國憲政的全部發(fā)展就在于國家主權權力的爭奪和轉(zhuǎn)移,由實體性的王權演變?yōu)橄笳餍缘耐鯔唷Ｔ诤嗬耸雷诮谈母镏爸饕菄跖c教會對國家權力的爭奪,之后則是代表天主教勢力的國王與代表新教力量的議會之間的斗爭。在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、宗教、地理等諸多因素中,對英國憲政模式選擇起著最為重大作用的是宗教!因此,筆者就嘗試沿著宗教這一條線索,運用辨證唯物主義方法論來探討英國的憲政發(fā)展。 本文共分為三個部分,第一部分憲政建立的影響因素,提出了契約精神、西方的法律和自由主義思想這樣三個影響因素。這三者都促成或促進了憲政的發(fā)端。第二部分從宗教尤其是基督教與契約精神、西方法律和自由主義思想的相互關系出發(fā),論證了基督教與三者緊密的聯(lián)系,由此將基督教與憲政之間的關系聯(lián)系到了一起,并指出正是由于宗教的作用,才‘在西方產(chǎn)生了契約精神、自由主義思想、以及深入人心的法治思想,進而才‘產(chǎn)生了憲政。第三部分主要論述了英國憲政建立的過程,從最早的英國國家建立開始,英國就深受宗教的影響,盎格魯撒克遜時代,王權與教權合為一體,共同發(fā)展。由于基督教的傳播,宗教信仰的統(tǒng)一促使英格蘭統(tǒng)一國家的形成。在國家統(tǒng)一的過程中,王權不僅向著強大的方向發(fā)展,而且受到原始習慣、法律和教會的限制。而后教權和王權進入了斗爭和妥協(xié)的階段,產(chǎn)生了具有重大意義的《大憲章》,確立了王在法下。16世紀的亨利八世的宗教改革使得英國王權脫離羅馬天主教教會,國王成為英國最高宗教領袖。議會權力也在這次宗教改革中得到提高,確立了“國王在議會中”的最高主權原則。由于天主教與新教,國王與議會之間的矛盾不可調(diào)和,爆發(fā)了1640年英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。在經(jīng)歷了流血、獨裁和復辟之后,英國又重新回歸傳統(tǒng),封建貴族與新興資產(chǎn)階級相互妥協(xié),發(fā)動“光榮革命”,頒布一系列憲法性法律文件,確立君主立憲制。這整個的過程,無不處處閃現(xiàn)著宗教的身影,結合前兩部分已論證的宗教與憲政的關系,那么就展示出了英國憲政建立過程中宗教的極為重要、不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:Britain is the mother of constitutionalism, its constitutional system has a profound influence on other countries in the world and occupies an irreplaceable position in the history of the world constitutionalism. Speaking of constitutional government, it is necessary not only because it produces the earliest, but also distinctive and unique. The way of the British constitutional development is different from the European continent and lies in two parties. Face: in form, Britain took the road of the integration of struggle and compromise - the "Glorious Revolution"; in content, the king of England was the leader of the Church of the state, retained the king and took the lead in establishing the constitutional monarchy. The constitutional system of Britain was the inevitable result of the gradual accumulation since the fourteenth Century, and the historical result of the evolution of actual experience. After analyzing the history of constitutional government, the history of religion and the history of law, the author found that the whole development of British constitutional government lies in the contention and transfer of the sovereign power of the state, and from the substantive royal power to the symbolic royal power. Before the reformation of Henry VIII, the chief was the struggle for the power of the state by the king and the church, then the representative of the God. The struggle between the king of the forces and the parliament representing the Protestant forces. Among the many factors such as politics, economy, culture, religion, geography, and so on, the choice of the British constitutional model is the most important part of religion. Therefore, the author tries to follow the clue of religion and use the dialectical materialism methodology to explore the development of constitutional government in Britain.
This article is divided into three parts. The first part is the influence factors of the establishment of constitutionalism, and the three factors such as the spirit of contract, the law of the West and the thought of liberalism. The three all contribute to or promote the origin of constitutional government. The second part is from religion, especially Christianity and contract essence, and the relationship between western law and liberalism. From the point of view of the close relationship between Christianity and the three, the relationship between Christianity and constitutionalism was linked together, and it was pointed out that it was the effect of religion that the spirit of contract, the thought of liberalism, and the thought of the rule of law in the people's mind were created in the west, and then the constitutionalism was created. The third part mainly discussed Britain. The process of establishing constitutional government in the country started from the earliest British state. Britain was deeply influenced by religion, the Anglo Saxon era, the unity of the power of king and the right to teaching, and common development. Because of the spread of Christianity, the unity of religious belief promoted the formation of the United State in England. In the process of national unification, the royal power not only became powerful. The direction developed, and was restricted by the primitive habits, the law and the church. Then the power and the royal power entered the stage of struggle and compromise, producing the Great Charter, which established the religious reform of Henry VIII of the.16 century under the law that made British royal power divorced from the bishop of Luo Ma Tian and the King became the highest religion in England. The parliamentary power has also been improved in this religious reform, and the supreme sovereignty principle of the king in parliament has been established. The British civil war broke out in 1640 because of the incompatibility between the king and the parliament because of Catholicism and Protestantism and the conflict between the king and the parliament. After the bloodshed, dictatorship and restoration, the British regress to the tradition, the feudal aristocracy and the burgeoning. The bourgeoisie compromised with each other, launched a "Glorious Revolution", enacted a series of constitutional legal documents, and established a constitutional monarchy. The whole process flashed the shadow of religion everywhere, combining the relationship between the religion and the constitutionalism demonstrated in the previous two parts, which showed that the religion in the process of the establishment of British constitutionalism was extremely important and could not be replaced. The role of the generation.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：DD911;D956.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 叢日云;;基督教傳統(tǒng)與近代西方自由主義[J];政治學研究;1989年03期

2 褚漢雨;天主教、東正教、基督教之異同[J];中國天主教;2002年03期

，

本文編號：1854245