本文選題：南非 + 住房保障��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：住房是人類生存的基本物質(zhì)要素之一，居者有其屋是千百年來(lái)人民孜孜以求的理想。由于南非曾長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行種族隔離制度，使大部分南非黑人居無(wú)所居，又無(wú)能力解決基本的住房需求。而且隨著城市化的加速，人們對(duì)住房需求量的不斷增大，導(dǎo)致南非存在嚴(yán)峻的住房需求問(wèn)題。1994年南非新政府成立后，為了解決公民的住房問(wèn)題，南非政府最大限度的利用社會(huì)資源，采取措施以滿足其住房的基本需求，開始探索并逐步建立起具有自己特色的住房保障制度。 南非的住房保障制度在實(shí)施初期，政府注重公民擁有產(chǎn)權(quán)住房的建設(shè)，主要通過(guò)對(duì)公民提供住房補(bǔ)貼來(lái)建造保障住房，隨著國(guó)家財(cái)政壓力和住房需求的與日俱增，政府開始尋求多種住房保障模式來(lái)滿足公民的住房需求。在南非住房保障制度發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，南非政府采取了一些措施來(lái)確保制度的落實(shí)。首先，南非政府制定了住房保障法律，，不僅在憲法中明確規(guī)定住房權(quán)作為公民的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利，國(guó)家有義務(wù)采取措施來(lái)滿足公民擁有適當(dāng)住房的權(quán)利，還通過(guò)頒布《住房法》、《房屋租賃法》和《社會(huì)住房法》以及其他與住房保障相關(guān)的法律為住房保障制度的實(shí)施提供法律依據(jù)，形成了相對(duì)比較完善的住房保障法律體系。其次，南非政府成立了各類專門的機(jī)構(gòu)，各機(jī)構(gòu)分工負(fù)責(zé)，共同協(xié)作保障制度的落實(shí)。再次，采取多樣化的住房資金來(lái)源方式確保住房保障制度的實(shí)施。既有政府直接投入財(cái)政資金的方式，又成立了專門的政府性住房金融機(jī)構(gòu)，還鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)銀行機(jī)構(gòu)參與到住房保障進(jìn)程中。最后，建立以補(bǔ)貼住房、租賃房和社會(huì)住房為主的多種住房保障模式。南非政府通過(guò)這些措施解決了大部分人的住房需求，形成了相對(duì)比較完備的住房保障制度。 目前，我國(guó)的住房保障體系主要由經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房、廉租房和公共租賃住房構(gòu)成，但由于立法和配套制度的缺失，住房保障制度在實(shí)踐過(guò)程中仍有一定的問(wèn)題，因此，完善住房保障制度是當(dāng)務(wù)之急，而南非政府在住房保障方面取得的成就對(duì)我國(guó)住房保障制度的完善具有重要的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Housing is one of the basic material elements of human survival. As a result of the long history of apartheid in South Africa, the majority of black people in South Africa have no place to live and are unable to meet their basic housing needs. Moreover, with the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing demand for housing, there is a serious housing problem in South Africa. After the establishment of the new South African Government in 1994, in order to solve the housing problem for its citizens, The South African government makes the most of social resources, takes measures to meet its basic housing needs, and begins to explore and gradually establish a housing security system with its own characteristics. At the beginning of the implementation of the housing security system in South Africa, the government focused on the construction of housing with property rights, mainly through providing housing subsidies to citizens to build secure housing. With the increasing pressure of national finance and housing demand, The government began to seek a variety of housing security models to meet the housing needs of citizens. In the course of the development of housing security system in South Africa, the South African government has taken some measures to ensure the implementation of the system. First, the Government of South Africa has enacted a housing security law that not only explicitly establishes the right to housing as a fundamental right of citizens in the Constitution, but that the State has an obligation to take measures to satisfy the right of citizens to adequate housing. Through the promulgation of the Housing Law, the Housing Lease Law, the Social Housing Law and other laws related to housing security, a relatively perfect legal system of housing security has been formed. Secondly, the South African government has set up a variety of specialized agencies, each division of labor, the implementation of the joint cooperation security system. Thirdly, the implementation of housing security system should be ensured by means of diversified sources of housing funds. Not only the government directly invests the financial funds, but also the special government housing finance institutions are established, and the banking institutions are encouraged and guided to participate in the housing security process. Finally, the establishment of subsidized housing, rental housing and social housing based on a variety of housing security model. Through these measures, the South African government has solved the housing needs of most people and formed a relatively complete housing security system. At present, the housing security system of our country is mainly composed of comfortable housing, low-rent housing and public rental housing. However, due to the lack of legislation and supporting system, the housing security system still has some problems in the process of practice. It is urgent to perfect the housing security system, and the achievements made by the South African government in the housing security system are of great significance for the improvement of the housing security system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D947.8;DD912.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 湯勃;張炯;;國(guó)外住房保障制度之比較研究[J];法制與社會(huì);2011年09期

2 馮念一;陸建忠;朱[?;;對(duì)保障性住房建設(shè)模式的思考[J];建筑經(jīng)濟(jì);2007年08期

3 劉星;吳清;焦?jié)?;住房保障制度的國(guó)際比較與經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒[J];勞動(dòng)保障世界(理論版);2011年05期

4 張懷印;;20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)非洲憲政發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)[J];理論與改革;2009年02期

5 CISSE Djibrilla.Alhadji;丁金宏;COULIBALY Mariam;;當(dāng)代非洲城市化的動(dòng)因與困境[J];世界地理研究;2008年02期

6 鄭智航;;南非公民住房權(quán)最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)淺析[J];西亞非洲;2010年02期

7 楊立華;;南非社會(huì)保障體系中的社會(huì)救助制度[J];西亞非洲;2010年09期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬建平;中國(guó)保障性住房制度建設(shè)研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

本文編號(hào)：1841094