發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 07:20

  本文選題：訟師 + 社會　； 參考：《山東大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 訟師是中國傳統(tǒng)文化中不可或缺的重要環(huán)節(jié),然而學界對于訟師現(xiàn)象的關(guān)注卻少之又少,而且所知的資料也是非常有限。關(guān)于中國古代訟師制度的書籍和文章,目前比較有代表性的是黨江周著的《中國訟師文化—古代律師現(xiàn)象解讀》,該書比較全面的從歷史、文化等各個角度論述了中國古代的訟師制度。本文首先將訟師這一文化現(xiàn)象作了一個簡要的概述,分別介紹了訟師的概況,包括訟師的名稱、出身、業(yè)務場所和分布地域及訟師的產(chǎn)生背景。然后論述了古代訟師的發(fā)展狀況,將古代訟師按照朝代的發(fā)展進行了簡要的介紹。使讀者對于訟師這一文化現(xiàn)象有了基本輪廓的認識。第二部分更加深入的探討到為什么訟師在古代社會會為統(tǒng)治者所壓制,為民眾所不齒。該部分從社會、政治、經(jīng)濟、法律四方面來論述訟師生存狀況的原因。社會方面民眾價值觀的不認同,政治上的君權(quán)專制,經(jīng)濟上的過重訟累以及法律意識的淡薄,造成了訟師處于政治和道德、官方和民間雙重拒絕的尷尬境地。由于辯護在中國古代并不具備法律程序上的正當性,訟師的“挑詞架訟”往往與統(tǒng)治者力求的“無訟”統(tǒng)治目標相背離,所以各朝各代的統(tǒng)治者無所不用其極,對訟師進行著管理。第三部分主要從古代律典和司法實踐中對于訟師的管理展開敘述。律典方面,本文根據(jù)已知材料將關(guān)于訟師整治的條文列舉了出來,由各朝代條文的具體內(nèi)容來看,統(tǒng)治者對于訟師管理的條款基本上有延續(xù)前朝和自己的創(chuàng)新。司法實踐方面,歷代地方官員根據(jù)上層統(tǒng)治者的需要想出了很多整治和管理訟師的辦法�？芍^竭盡全力為統(tǒng)治階級服務,力求把訟師出現(xiàn)的機會降到最低。盡管訟師在夾縫中為了生存苦苦掙扎,沒有公開的身份和高尚的社會地位,但是他們有著存在的社會必要性。第四部分,正是從訟師在案件中的獨特地位出發(fā),論述了訟師對于被代理人和官府的意義,揭示了官方壓制和社會需求之間的矛盾。以證訟師存在的必要性。最后,我們對于古代現(xiàn)象研究的原因是為了對于今天有所啟示,研究訟師這一古代現(xiàn)象,正是想通過對其的研究來審視我們今天的司法制度和法律的發(fā)展。在今天,當下的中國,司法資格統(tǒng)一考試制度抬高了法律職業(yè)的準入門檻,法律職業(yè)已經(jīng)成了令人羨慕的職業(yè),特別是新的律師法的頒布更是順應了社會發(fā)展的要求。訟師的后輩們也就是律師,已經(jīng)有了與訟師們截然不同的命運和待遇,但是對于以制度化方式提高他們的地位仍然是我們要努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Advocate is an indispensable and important link in Chinese traditional culture. However, scholars pay little attention to the phenomenon of advocate, and know very limited information. The books and articles on the ancient Chinese advocacy system are at present more representative of the book "Chinese Litigation Culture-Ancient lawyer phenomenon interpretation" written by the Party and Jiangzhou. The book is relatively comprehensive from the history. Culture and other angles discussed the ancient Chinese litigation system. This paper first gives a brief overview of the cultural phenomenon of the advocate, respectively, including the name, origin, business place and distribution of the advocate, and the background of the emergence of the advocate. Then it discusses the development of ancient advocates and briefly introduces the development of ancient advocates in accordance with the development of the dynasty. So that the reader to advocate this cultural phenomenon has the basic outline of understanding. The second part further discusses why the ancient society would be suppressed by the rulers and disparaged by the people. This part from the social, political, economic, legal four aspects to discuss the reasons for the existence of a barrister. The disapproval of social values, the autocratic monarchy in politics, the excessive burden of litigation in economy and the weak consciousness of law make the litigants in the awkward position of political, moral, official and folk dual rejection. Because the defense in ancient China did not have the legitimacy of the legal procedure, the litigator's "pick words and stand the lawsuit" often deviated from the ruling goal of "no lawsuit" sought by the ruler, so the rulers of each dynasty had nothing to do with it. The advocate was managed. The third part mainly narrates the management of the advocate from the ancient law code and judicial practice. According to the known materials, this article enumerates the provisions on the regulation of the barristers. From the specific contents of the articles of each dynasty, the rulers basically have a continuation of the previous period and their own innovation for the terms of the management of the barristers. In judicial practice, local officials came up with many ways to regulate and manage the barristers according to the needs of the upper rulers. He did his best to serve the ruling class and to minimize the chances of a barrister. Although the litigants struggle to survive without open identity and noble social status, they have the social necessity of existence. In the fourth part, the author discusses the significance of the litigant to the principal and the government, and reveals the contradiction between the official repression and the social demand from the point of view of the unique position of the litigant in the case. The necessity of the existence of a barrister. Finally, the reason why we study the ancient phenomenon is to enlighten today. The study of the ancient phenomenon of the advocate is to examine the development of our judicial system and law through the study of the ancient phenomenon. Today, in China, the unified examination system of judicial qualifications has raised the entry threshold of the legal profession, the legal profession has become an enviable profession, especially the promulgation of the new lawyer law is in line with the requirements of social development. Lawyers and their successors already have a very different fate and treatment, but we still have to make efforts to improve their status in an institutionalized way.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1828312