本文選題：跨語(yǔ)際 + 蘇聯(lián)法　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：概念是人從蒙昧邁向理性的關(guān)鍵元素。歷史沉淀于概念之中又憑借概念表述歷史。對(duì)人類而言,認(rèn)識(shí)世界、馴化自然到與之和諧共生,一個(gè)關(guān)鍵而古老的方法就是對(duì)事物下定義。通過下定義,克服恐懼和無(wú)知；通過下定義,暫時(shí)消解驚異與好奇；通過下定義,掌握規(guī)律并獲得知性的超越。而關(guān)于法的概念和定義對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家法學(xué)理論以及法律實(shí)踐無(wú)疑有著十分重要的意義。據(jù)此,全文以蘇聯(lián)法概念為起點(diǎn),著重分析、論述蘇聯(lián)法概念在中國(guó)的階段性發(fā)展演繹歷程以及帶來(lái)的啟示。全文通過對(duì)這一基于具體歷史語(yǔ)境下的分析,剖析其中形成的認(rèn)同、差異、轉(zhuǎn)換及創(chuàng)造性解讀等問題。這是一些既復(fù)雜且重要的問題。說其復(fù)雜,是因?yàn)檫@本身就是一個(gè)跨語(yǔ)際的研究。由于新中國(guó)的法律思想很大程度上肇始于翻譯、改寫、挪用以及其它與蘇聯(lián)相關(guān)的跨語(yǔ)際實(shí)踐,所以不可避免的是,這種研究就不僅僅是一個(gè)單純的翻譯上的分析。廣義來(lái)講,這種跨語(yǔ)際的實(shí)踐就是考察新的詞語(yǔ)、意義、話語(yǔ)以及表述的模式,在繼受方與傳播方語(yǔ)言的接觸、沖突過程中,在繼受方語(yǔ)言中興起、流通并獲得合法性的過程。因此,當(dāng)概念從傳播方語(yǔ)言走向繼受方語(yǔ)言時(shí),意義與其說是發(fā)生了“改變”,不如說是在繼受方語(yǔ)言的本土環(huán)境中發(fā)明創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的；說其重要,是因?yàn)樘K聯(lián)法理論、法概念從20世紀(jì)50年代開始到當(dāng)下之中國(guó),仍然對(duì)中國(guó)法理論、法概念發(fā)生著路徑依賴意義上的影響,同時(shí),蘇聯(lián)法概念經(jīng)由時(shí)間的選擇、汰變已然植入中國(guó)法律傳統(tǒng)中并成為中國(guó)法律傳統(tǒng)的一部分,由“他者”涅磐成了“本我”。鑒于此,我們不能回避它,更不能抹去它。全文正是基于以上的立場(chǎng),選取了蘇聯(lián)法概念在中國(guó)1950年代這一段歷史,來(lái)分析蘇聯(lián)法概念的中國(guó)“際遇”。并試圖以此來(lái)說明,學(xué)術(shù)交流并不是單純的學(xué)者之間的某種交往,它關(guān)乎一個(gè)時(shí)代的學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境、政治影響、社會(huì)變遷等一系列復(fù)雜的深層次問題。全文除導(dǎo)論和結(jié)語(yǔ),文章主體部分分為四章： 第一章,分析蘇聯(lián)法概念在本土的歷史流變,即蘇聯(lián)法的演繹過程。文中將蘇聯(lián)法概念劃分為以維辛斯基為標(biāo)竿的前后相繼的三個(gè)時(shí)期,側(cè)重以歷史為線索來(lái)考察。維辛斯基之前以庫(kù)爾斯基、斯圖契卡、萊斯涅爾和帕舒卡尼斯為代表,維辛斯基之后以杰尼索夫、卡列娃為代表,論述了其法理論、法概念之形成、發(fā)展和變化。同時(shí),通過細(xì)密梳理、探知其法概念生成發(fā)展的具體原因。意欲通過三個(gè)時(shí)期的分析,來(lái)考察這些形形色色的法概念與維辛斯基的法概念的共相與差異,說明法概念的歷時(shí)性與共時(shí)性的統(tǒng)一 第二章,分析論述新中國(guó)初期植入蘇聯(lián)法概念、法理論的必然性和途徑。蘇聯(lián)法理論與法概念在中國(guó)本土的傳播并不是暢通無(wú)阻的。其障礙不是來(lái)源于中國(guó)過去千百年來(lái)的封建法律思想,而恰恰是來(lái)自國(guó)民黨留下的的舊法統(tǒng)和舊法觀念。兩種法統(tǒng)、法觀念的較量無(wú)異于一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)奪。為此,必須立即以“打掃干凈屋子再請(qǐng)客”的意識(shí)掃除這個(gè)巨大的思想障礙并以此宣示和宣判舊法統(tǒng)舊法觀念的死亡。思想障礙的掃除、具體國(guó)情的類似、意識(shí)形態(tài)的趨同、世界局勢(shì)的影響無(wú)不昭示了學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)的必然。對(duì)蘇聯(lián)法概念、法理論的學(xué)習(xí)也是由此必然性而展開的。文中具體描述和分析了學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)法概念、法理論的多個(gè)途徑,并指出對(duì)蘇聯(lián)法概念的植入是多個(gè)途徑合力的結(jié)果。 第三章是文章的重點(diǎn)。在此以概念的結(jié)構(gòu)分析方法,探討了蘇聯(lián)法概念在中國(guó)的階段性歷程。按照法理學(xué)教科書的通行模式,對(duì)定義法概念的方法論、本質(zhì)元素、特征元素、經(jīng)濟(jì)元素、目的元素以及法的歷史類型進(jìn)行了細(xì)致清理。通過對(duì)構(gòu)成各個(gè)元素的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行歷史語(yǔ)義學(xué)上的分析,來(lái)厘清中國(guó)在闡釋蘇聯(lián)法概念的過程中,哪些元素的解析是對(duì)蘇聯(lián)原有解析的認(rèn)同；哪些又在闡釋中發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)換和創(chuàng)造性解讀。通過分析可以認(rèn)為,關(guān)鍵詞釋義的變化最終導(dǎo)致了作為完整表述的法概念的轉(zhuǎn)化與創(chuàng)造性解讀。 第四章：對(duì)蘇聯(lián)法概念在中國(guó)的際遇進(jìn)行反思。分別從法概念的共時(shí)性與歷時(shí)性問題,法概念的誤讀問題,法概念在翻譯過程中的可譯性問題以及法概念的創(chuàng)造性解讀問題來(lái)展開論述。進(jìn)一步指出,每一種意義,每一種世界圖像,都處在流動(dòng)和變異之中,既不能逃脫差異的游戲,也無(wú)法拒絕時(shí)間的汰變。對(duì)于任何概念而言,流動(dòng)、差異和汰變不僅是歷史流轉(zhuǎn)的表征,而且也是學(xué)術(shù)交流的必然效應(yīng)。從概念層面指出百年學(xué)術(shù)交流的得與失。 結(jié)語(yǔ)：以法概念為元點(diǎn),以“墻”作為隱喻,對(duì)中西學(xué)術(shù)交流進(jìn)行反思并總結(jié)全文觀點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Concept is the key element for man to move from ignorance to reason. History precipitates in concepts and expresses history by concept. For mankind, it is a key and ancient way to define the world, to domesticate nature and to be in harmony with it. There is no doubt that the concept and definition of the law are of great significance to a national law theory and legal practice by definition, and the concept and definition of the law are of great significance to a national law theory and legal practice. The full text, through the analysis of this specific historical context, analyzes the problems of identity, difference, transformation and creative interpretation. This is a complex and important question. It is complicated because it itself is a interlingual study. To a large extent, the legal thought of new China begins with a great extent. Translation, rewriting, misappropriation and other interlingual practice related to the Soviet Union, so it is inevitable that this kind of research is not only a simple analysis of translation. In a broad sense, this interlingual practice is to examine new words, meanings, words and expressions, the contact of the recipient and the communication language, the process of conflict. In the following language, the process of circulation and legitimacy is developed. Therefore, when the concept goes from the propagating language to the recipient language, the meaning is not so much as a "change". It is better to be invented in the local environment of the recipient language; it is important because the Soviet law theory, the concept of law from the twentieth Century 50. From the beginning of the year to the present, China still has a path dependence on the Chinese law theory and the concept of law. At the same time, the concept of the Soviet law has changed into the Chinese legal tradition and became part of the Chinese legal tradition through the choice of time, and the "other" Nirvana became "the original". The full text is based on the above position and selects the history of the Soviet law concept in China in 1950s to analyze the "fortune" of the concept of Soviet law in China, and to explain that academic exchange is not a kind of communication between scholars, it is related to the academic environment, political influence, and Society of an era. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body of the article is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter analyzes the historical evolution of the concept of Soviet law in the local history, that is, the deductive process of the Soviet law. The concept of the Soviet law is divided into three successive periods, with the history as the clue. Cools Ki, stecceca, Les Nel and Pashukanis were represented by Wei Xin. With Denisov and Kaleva as the representative, skey discussed the formation, development and change of the theory of law, the concept of law, and the concrete reasons for the development of the concept of law by careful combing. Through the analysis of the three periods, it was intended to examine the similarities and differences between these different concepts of law and the concept of vasselsky. The unity of the diachronic and synchronic of the concept of the law of the Ming Dynasty
The second chapter analyzes the inevitability and means of the introduction of the concept of Soviet law and the theory of law in the early days of the new China. The spread of the Soviet law theory and the concept of law in China is not unimpeded. Its obstacle is not from the feudal legal thought of the past thousand years in China, but it is just the old and old legal ideas left by the Kuomintang. Two kinds of legitimacy, the contest of the concept of law is no different from a contest. To this end, it is necessary to clear up the great ideological barrier with the consciousness of "cleaning the house and reinviting" immediately to declare and declare the death of the old legal concept of the old law. The elimination of the ideological barriers, the similar situation in the concrete conditions, the convergence of ideology, the influence of the world situation. It shows the necessity of learning the Soviet Union. The study of the concept of the Soviet law and the study of the legal theory is also the inevitability. The article describes and analyzes several ways to study the concept of the Soviet law and the theory of law, and points out that the implanting of the concept of the Soviet law is the result of the resultant force of many ways.
The third chapter is the key point of the article. In this paper, the concept structure analysis method is used to explore the phased course of the Soviet law concept in China. According to the prevailing mode of the jurisprudential textbooks, the methodology of the concept of definition, the essential element, the characteristic element, the economic element, the objective element and the historical type of the law are carefully cleaned up. The key words of each element are analyzed in historical semantics to clarify China's interpretation of the Soviet Union's concept in the process of interpreting the Soviet law. The transformation of the concept of the whole expression and the creative interpretation.
The fourth chapter is to reflect on the experience of the Soviet law concept in China, and discuss the problems of the synchronic and diachronic problems of the concept of law, the misreading of the concept of law, the translatability of the concept of law in the process of translation and the creative interpretation of the concept of law. In the flow and variation, it can neither escape the difference of the game nor refrain from the change of time. For any concept, flow, difference and change are not only the representation of historical circulation, but also the inevitable effect of academic exchange.
Conclusion: Taking the concept of law as a meta point, taking "wall" as a metaphor, reflecting on the academic exchanges between China and the west, and summarizing the viewpoints of the whole text.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D90

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