本文選題：政府撥款法案　切入點(diǎn)：727條款　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的逐步加劇和蔓延,各國(guó)紛紛采取各種積極措施來(lái)制定本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展政策,以求本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境快速地企穩(wěn)向好。各國(guó)制定本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策來(lái)控制宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,本無(wú)可厚非。然而在各種經(jīng)濟(jì)政策中,也不乏有損WTO自由貿(mào)易原則的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義行為,嚴(yán)重侵害了多哈回合談判所達(dá)成的共識(shí),同時(shí)也對(duì)相關(guān)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)業(yè)造成莫大的損害。我國(guó)由于出口額巨大,更是成為貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義紛紛針對(duì)的矛頭。美國(guó)2009年政府撥款法案中第727條款,單獨(dú)對(duì)中國(guó)的禽類產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口施加限制。這一不公正舉動(dòng)遭到我國(guó)政府的嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé),并訴諸WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)以求公正裁決。本文旨在通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法律制度的研究,來(lái)探討727條款在美國(guó)法律的實(shí)體和程序中是否存在合法性欠缺的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而探求在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法合法性角度解決案件爭(zhēng)議的新思路。 文章共分四章。 第一章簡(jiǎn)單介紹爭(zhēng)端產(chǎn)生的背景及進(jìn)程,從而引出爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)—727條款的合法性問(wèn)題。進(jìn)而,對(duì)727條款的條文來(lái)源進(jìn)行考察,對(duì)條文本身的意義進(jìn)行分析闡述,對(duì)制定過(guò)程中的立法考量加以研究,以求進(jìn)一步了解該條款產(chǎn)生的原因以及立法意圖。 第二章從2008年政府撥款法案的733條款(727條款的前身)的立法背景及過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析。文章展示了中美之間禽類產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口問(wèn)題的始末。并重點(diǎn)分析了美國(guó)制定733條款時(shí)可能存在的利益考量。同時(shí)文章表明733條款之所以在下一個(gè)財(cái)年得以延續(xù),并非因?yàn)槠浔砻娴脑?即禽流感控制以及食品安全的問(wèn)題,而是上升到了限制中國(guó)禽類產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口的意圖。 第三章進(jìn)入論文的主體部分論述。分為三節(jié)。第一節(jié)介紹政府撥款法案產(chǎn)生的具體流程。第二節(jié)從美國(guó)外貿(mào)權(quán)的分配問(wèn)題探究該過(guò)程中是否可能存在合法性欠缺的問(wèn)題。第三節(jié)旨在從美國(guó)預(yù)算法案議事過(guò)程分析中尋找727條款可能存在的合法性欠缺的問(wèn)題。每一節(jié)又分為兩部分,第一部分簡(jiǎn)單概述美國(guó)法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定以及實(shí)踐中的具體做法,第二部分針對(duì)該條款進(jìn)行具體分析。 第四章第一節(jié)中提及在美國(guó)2010年農(nóng)業(yè)撥款法案草案中對(duì)727條款加以修正的743條款,分析該條文的具體規(guī)定以及利益體現(xiàn)。第二節(jié)則簡(jiǎn)單分析第三章中分析得出的結(jié)論——727條款不具備國(guó)內(nèi)合法性的理由,能否適用于743條款。第三節(jié),簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)中美禽類產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的未來(lái)加以預(yù)測(cè)評(píng)析。
[Abstract]:With the gradual aggravation and spread of the economic crisis, many countries have taken various positive measures to formulate their own economic development policies in order to stabilize and improve their economic environment quickly. All countries have formulated their own economic policies to control the macroeconomic environment. However, among the various economic policies, there are many protectionist acts that undermine the principle of free trade of the WTO, seriously undermining the consensus reached in the Doha Round of negotiations. At the same time, it has also caused great damage to the industries of the countries concerned. Because of its huge exports, China has become the target of trade protectionism one after another. Article 727 of the 2009 US Government Appropriations Act, The unfair act of imposing restrictions on the import of poultry products from China alone has been severely condemned by our government and appealed to the WTO dispute settlement body for a fair ruling. This article aims to study the domestic legal system of the United States. This paper discusses whether there is a lack of legality in the entity and procedure of American law, and then explores a new way to resolve the dispute in the angle of legality of American domestic law. The article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the background and process of the dispute, which leads to the issue of the legality of clause -727. Then, the article's source is investigated, and the significance of the article itself is analyzed and expounded. The legislative considerations in the formulation process are studied in order to further understand the causes and legislative intent of the clause. The second chapter analyzes the legislative background and process of the 733 section 727 of the 2008 government appropriation act. The article shows the beginning and end of the issue of poultry product import between china and the United states. It also focuses on the analysis of the 733 article made by the United states. At the same time, the article indicated that the 733 clause was extended in the next fiscal year. Not because of the apparent problems of bird flu control and food safety, but because of the intention to restrict imports of Chinese poultry products. The third chapter is the main part of the thesis. It is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the specific process of the government appropriation bill. The second section probes into the possibility of the lack of legitimacy in the process from the issue of the distribution of foreign trade power in the u. S. A. Section III aims to find out from the analysis of the proceedings of the United States Budget Act that there may be a lack of legitimacy in section 727. Each section is divided into two parts. The first part is a brief overview of the relevant provisions of American law and the practice of specific practices, the second part of the specific analysis of the article. Chapter IV, section I, refers to section 743, which is amended in the United States draft Agricultural Appropriations Act of 2010, The second section briefly analyzes the conclusion drawn from the analysis in Chapter 3 whether Article 727 is applicable to Article 743 on the grounds that it does not have domestic legality. Simply predict the future of the trade in poultry products between China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2

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