本文選題：水權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：先占水權(quán)制度　出處：《廈門(mén)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)今中國(guó),水資源的重要性日益彰顯,水資源短缺已逐漸成為制約我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的最重要原因之一。我國(guó)水資源地區(qū)分布不均,各地問(wèn)題迥異。東南地區(qū)降水量大,但水資源的污染、浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重；西北地區(qū)降水量小,水資源極為短缺；華北地區(qū)則面臨著地下水耗竭的巨大問(wèn)題。如何合理的進(jìn)行水資源的初始分配,是解決以上問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ),也是未來(lái)我國(guó)水資源管理工作的重中之重。目前,我國(guó)對(duì)于水資源的初始分配采取的是取水許可制度,但這一制度單純依靠行政手段,不僅效率低下,也極易造成水事糾紛。 先占水權(quán)制度是發(fā)源于美國(guó)西部的水資源初始分配制度。隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展,用水需求不斷變化,先占水權(quán)制度也逐漸進(jìn)化為現(xiàn)代的許可制。但傳統(tǒng)先占水權(quán)制度中的重要原則仍然在發(fā)揮巨大作用,不僅避免了行政手段調(diào)配自然資源的種種弊端,也使這一古老的偉大制度至今仍具有鮮活的生命力。我國(guó)的取水許可制度與先占水權(quán)制度有頗多相似之處,通過(guò)對(duì)先占水權(quán)制度的研究；可為我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的取水許可制度提供較多的借鑒作用。 全文共分為四章。第一章介紹了先占水權(quán)制度的起源。先占水權(quán)制度肇始于西部礦工的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,隨后通過(guò)法院的判例被納入司法體系,最終在西部各州得以確立。第二章對(duì)先占水權(quán)制度的內(nèi)容予以解析,對(duì)先占水權(quán)的構(gòu)成要素、適用規(guī)則等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。第三章分析了傳統(tǒng)先占水權(quán)制度的缺陷,并介紹了修正后的現(xiàn)代先占水權(quán)制度。最后一章結(jié)合我國(guó)初始水權(quán)分配的現(xiàn)狀及問(wèn)題,對(duì)比了先占水權(quán)制度與我國(guó)取水許可制度,提出了適宜我國(guó)實(shí)際情況的幾點(diǎn)具體措施。
[Abstract]:In today's China, the importance of water resources is becoming more and more obvious, and water shortage has gradually become one of the most important factors restricting the economic development of our country. However, the pollution of water resources and the waste of water resources are serious; the precipitation is small and the water resources are extremely short in Northwest China; the North China region is faced with the huge problem of groundwater depletion. It is the foundation of solving the above problems and the most important task of water resources management in the future. At present, the initial allocation of water resources in our country is based on the water intake permit system, but this system relies solely on administrative means and is not only inefficient. Also easy to cause water disputes. The preemptive water rights system is a system of initial allocation of water resources originating in the western United States. With the development of time, the demand for water is constantly changing. The system of preemptive water rights has evolved into a modern system of permission, but the important principles in the traditional system of preemptive water rights are still playing a great role, which not only avoids the malpractice of administrative means in allocating natural resources. It also makes this ancient great system still have fresh vitality. There are many similarities between the system of water intake license and the system of preemptive water rights in our country, through the study of the system of water rights in advance; It can provide more reference for the current water intake permit system in our country. The first chapter introduces the origin of the preemptive water right system, which originated from the practical needs of the miners in the west, and was brought into the judicial system through the court case. Finally, it is established in the western states. The second chapter analyzes the content of the preemptive water right system, introduces in detail the constituent elements and applicable rules of the preemptive water rights system. Chapter three analyzes the defects of the traditional preemptive water rights system. In the last chapter, combining with the present situation and problems of the initial water rights distribution in China, the author compares the pre-occupied water rights system with the water intake permit system in China, and puts forward some concrete measures suitable for the actual situation of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門(mén)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.6

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