本文關(guān)鍵詞： 清末 民眾參與 憲政 改革　出處：《山東大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 清政府的最后十年,是其作為一個統(tǒng)治實體進行垂死掙扎最為激烈的十年,這尤其表現(xiàn)在轟轟烈烈的憲政改革運動中。這一時期,統(tǒng)治階層之外的民眾也以一種前所未有的主動姿態(tài)加入到了這一歷史潮流中,他們通過各種形式的努力實實在在地影響了清末憲政改革的進程。本文便是以此為視角,深切關(guān)懷這一“自下而上”的政治潮流,通過對清末社會歷史條件變化的觀察、具體歷史事件的分析,總結(jié)了民眾參與憲政改革的形式及成果、作用機制和制度貢獻,全面呈現(xiàn)民眾參與對于推動清末憲政改革的重要意義。同時,力求在總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,為當今憲政建設(shè)提供有益的啟示。結(jié)構(gòu)上,本文共分四部分展開論述,主要內(nèi)容摘要介紹如下： 第一部分進行概念分析和理論分析。通過這一分析,筆者確定從憲政最本質(zhì)的概念——建立有限政府、保障公民權(quán)利來理解清末憲政的改革。而參與的民眾則界定為清政府之外的所有人民群眾,包括知識分子、士紳商人、產(chǎn)業(yè)工人以及農(nóng)民等,這最大限度的保證了“自上而下”的變革力量的全面和周延。而對參與式民主理論的引介,目的在于在民眾參與和民主理論之間架設(shè)橋梁,從而充分認識民眾參與對憲政改革和憲政建設(shè)的深刻價值。 第二部分進行歷史條件分析。通過該部分,筆者較為全面地展示了當時清末社會在經(jīng)濟、政治、思想、文化等各個方面的基本情況,認為清末社會的這些變化實際上是為民眾參與憲政改革提供了主觀上和客觀上的條件。 第三部分是論文的重點部分,主要分析和評價清末民眾參與憲政改革的形式及成果。通過事例列舉、數(shù)據(jù)比較分析等方法對清末民眾參加選舉、結(jié)社集會、輿情、請愿以及地方自治的情況進行了細致的梳理和評述,對各種形式下民眾參與之于憲政改革的成果和作用進行了客觀的總結(jié),進而顯示了民眾參與的憲政價值所在。 最后結(jié)語部分著重概括了清末民眾參與憲政改革的歷史意義,認為清末民眾的一系列政治參與活動啟迪了民主的意識、提高了參政的能力,并最終加速了國家權(quán)力的重組,為憲政改革和社會形態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變指明了道路。而在當代中國,民眾參與也具有獨特的憲政價值,它有利于實現(xiàn)政治文明、社會主義法治以及政府和人民關(guān)系的和諧。在此啟迪下筆者提出,當代中國的憲政建設(shè)應(yīng)該十分重視民眾的力量,以制度化、程序化的要求將民眾參與落實到實處。
[Abstract]:The last decade of the Qing government was the fiercest decade of its dying struggle as a ruling entity, especially in the vigorous constitutional reform movement. The people outside the ruling class also joined this historical trend with an unprecedented initiative. They really influenced the process of constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty through various kinds of efforts. Deeply concerned about this "bottom-up" political trend, through the observation of the changes in the social and historical conditions of the late Qing Dynasty and the analysis of specific historical events, the forms and results of popular participation in constitutional reform, the mechanism of action and the contribution of the system are summarized, At the same time, on the basis of summing up the experience and lessons, this paper tries to provide useful inspiration for the construction of the constitutionalism today. In the structure, this article is divided into four parts to discuss the significance of public participation in promoting constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The main points are summarized as follows:. The first part is the conceptual analysis and theoretical analysis. Through this analysis, the author determines that from the most essential concept of constitutionalism-the establishment of limited government, To protect the rights of citizens to understand the constitutional reform of the late Qing Dynasty. The people who participated were defined as all the people outside the Qing government, including intellectuals, gentry and businessmen, industrial workers and peasants, etc. This maximizes the integrity and continuity of the "top-down" forces of change. The introduction of participatory democracy is aimed at building a bridge between popular participation and democratic theory. Thus fully understand the profound value of popular participation in constitutional reform and constitutional construction. The second part is an analysis of the historical conditions. Through this part, the author comprehensively shows the basic situation of the late Qing society in various aspects, such as economy, politics, ideology, culture, etc. These changes in the late Qing Dynasty actually provided subjective and objective conditions for the people to participate in the constitutional reform. The third part is the key part of the paper, which mainly analyzes and evaluates the forms and achievements of the people's participation in constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The petition and the situation of local autonomy are carefully combed and commented, and the results and functions of popular participation in constitutional reform under various forms are summed up objectively, and then the constitutional value of popular participation is shown. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the historical significance of the people's participation in the constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty, and holds that a series of political participation activities of the people in the late Qing Dynasty inspired the democratic consciousness, improved the ability to participate in politics, and finally accelerated the reorganization of state power. It points the way for constitutional reform and social transformation. In contemporary China, popular participation also has a unique constitutional value, which is conducive to the realization of political civilization. The author points out that the constitutional construction of contemporary China should attach great importance to the power of the people, and carry out the participation of the people in practice with the request of institutionalization and procedure.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：DD911;D929

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