本文關(guān)鍵詞： 加拿大國(guó)際貿(mào)易法庭 準(zhǔn)司法性 司法審查　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 加拿大是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó),也是國(guó)際貿(mào)易大國(guó),其貿(mào)易量幾乎占其國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的一半。龐大的貿(mào)易量不可避免的導(dǎo)致了貿(mào)易糾紛的發(fā)生,尤其是在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下,國(guó)際貿(mào)易糾紛日趨復(fù)雜,給加拿大國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展造成了阻礙。在此背景下,1988年,加拿大國(guó)際貿(mào)易法庭(CITT)作為加拿大最為主要的審查貿(mào)易政策和解決貿(mào)易糾紛的獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,為加拿大外貿(mào)糾紛的解決提供了法律機(jī)制,促進(jìn)了加拿大外貿(mào)的順利開展。 CITT是一個(gè)集行政、司法于一身的獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu),直接通過財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)向加拿大議會(huì)負(fù)責(zé),不受其他任何行政機(jī)關(guān)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。在管轄權(quán)問題上,當(dāng)加拿大關(guān)于貿(mào)易糾紛的行政裁決涉及北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定(NAFTA)成員方時(shí),CITT管轄與NAFTA管轄是一種選擇性排他管轄;當(dāng)裁決涉及除NAFTA成員以外的WTO其他成員方時(shí),該成員方國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)可向CITT提起訴訟,也可以由該成員方政府直接將糾紛提交到WTO,啟動(dòng)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制,在國(guó)際層面解決該貿(mào)易糾紛。 在法律適用上,CITT不僅適用加拿大與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)法,同時(shí)也轉(zhuǎn)化適用WTO規(guī)則。另外,CITT的運(yùn)行程序不僅有司法審查程序,也有行政審查程序,這是由其半行政、半司法的性質(zhì)決定的。其行政性主要體現(xiàn)在反傾銷、反補(bǔ)貼等案件的調(diào)查上,司法性則體現(xiàn)在對(duì)貿(mào)易政策以及行政裁決的審查上。 CITT并不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的司法機(jī)構(gòu),是具備一定司法功能的準(zhǔn)司法機(jī)構(gòu)。身兼行政功能與司法功能是其區(qū)別于加拿大國(guó)內(nèi)其他行政或司法機(jī)構(gòu)的根本特征。正是具有這樣的特性,CITT可以迅捷并不失公正的審理貿(mào)易糾紛案件,恰和當(dāng)前外貿(mào)糾紛案件審理中公正與效率結(jié)合的要求。 我國(guó)作為世界第三大貿(mào)易國(guó),國(guó)內(nèi)的貿(mào)易救濟(jì)機(jī)制卻相對(duì)落后。在國(guó)際貿(mào)易法治進(jìn)程中,我國(guó)應(yīng)借鑒CITT的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),建立我國(guó)獨(dú)立的貿(mào)易審查與糾紛解決機(jī)構(gòu),多元化途徑解決國(guó)際貿(mào)易糾紛,促進(jìn)貿(mào)易自由化和貿(mào)易法治。
[Abstract]:Canada is the world's largest economy, is the international trade country, its trade volume accounted for almost half of its GDP. The huge trade volume inevitably leads to trade disputes, especially under the background of economic globalization, international trade disputes has become increasingly complex, the obstacle to the development of international trade of Canada. Under this background, in 1988, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) as the main Canada came to review the trade policies and resolve trade disputes the independent agency, provided the legal mechanism to solve the trade dispute in Canada, Canada to promote the foreign trade smoothly.
CITT is a set of administrative and judicial independent institutions in one, directly through the Treasury secretary is responsible to the parliament of Canada, not subject to any other administrative organs of the leadership. In jurisdiction, when Canada on trade disputes of administrative adjudication relates to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) members, CITT and NAFTA under the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction is a selective exclusive jurisdiction; when the ruling involved in addition to members of the NAFTA WTO outside of other members, members of the party may bring a lawsuit to CITT domestic enterprises, and also by the member governments directly submit a dispute to WTO, start the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to solve the trade disputes at the international level.
In the application of the law, domestic law Canada trade related not only for CITT, but also into the application of WTO rules. In addition, the CITT program is not only the judicial review procedure also has the administrative review procedures, this is the semi administrative decision. The properties of semi judicial administration is mainly embodied in the anti-dumping. Investigation of anti subsidy cases, justice is reflected in the review of trade policy and administrative adjudication.
The judiciary CITT is not in the traditional sense, is a quasi judicial body with certain judicial functions. Both administrative and judicial functions is the basic characteristics different from other domestic administrative or judicial institutions. It is has such features, CITT can quickly not lose a fair trial of trade disputes, and that the current foreign trade the trial of the cases in the combination of justice and efficiency requirements.
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