本文關(guān)鍵詞： 正當法律程序 法律程序的獨立性價值 正當性評價標準 法律程序責任　出處：《中南民族大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 現(xiàn)代法治在很大程度上表現(xiàn)為程序法治,有無正當?shù)姆沙绦蚴欠ㄖ闻c人治的根本區(qū)別,沒有正當程序表現(xiàn)的法治就不是真正意義上的法治。由于正當法律程序具有制約權(quán)力濫用、確保法律公正、承載法律價值、保障公民人權(quán)的制度性功能和在法治中的基礎(chǔ)性作用,因此,在我國確定以依法治國為治國方略的今天,構(gòu)建更為完善的正當法律程序制度具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義。 正當法律程序的概念是討論主題的邏輯起點。在考察學界對正當法律程序概念界定的基礎(chǔ)上,作者認為,正當法律程序具有雙重含義:在實質(zhì)意義上,它是指除非依據(jù)適當?shù)姆?權(quán)利和自由不可被剝奪;在形式意義上,這意味著一旦要由法律來決定的行為,適當?shù)某绦蚓捅仨毎殡S,其自然包括正當?shù)牧⒎�、行政和司法程序。正當法律程序的“正當性”如何評判?在當前學界,存在著結(jié)果有效性標準、過程價值有效性標準、過程有效性與好結(jié)果的統(tǒng)一價值標準。作者贊成統(tǒng)一價值標準,因為結(jié)果有效性標準無法解決法律程序的道德性問題,過程價值有效性標準過于簡單化和理想化,而統(tǒng)一價值標準較全面地包容了法律程序的工具性價值和獨立性價值。 正當法律程序的價值問題是正當法律程序理論的核心問題之一。通過分析,我們可以看到,正當法律程序一方面具有保障實體權(quán)利義務的實現(xiàn)、彌補實體法律的不足等工具性價值;另一方面,更重要的是,它還蘊含著保障程序正義、維護程序和平、體現(xiàn)程序合意等獨立性價值。 依照統(tǒng)一價值標準,我國正當法律程序制度在設計和實施方面還存在著諸多問題。在立法程序領(lǐng)域,規(guī)則簡陋稀疏,博弈機制缺乏,交涉程度低下;在民事領(lǐng)域,國家本位主義仍然實際占據(jù)著民事訴訟和仲裁的指導思想位置;在刑事領(lǐng)域,犯罪嫌疑人的合法權(quán)利經(jīng)常受到侵犯,人權(quán)原則尚未得到切實貫徹和普遍遵守;在行政程序領(lǐng)域,行政聽證時常流于形式;而法律程序責任的缺失更是在客觀上加劇了民眾對程序規(guī)則的漠視。歷史上封建集權(quán)制度的影響,當前政治體制改革的滯后;正當法律程序觀念的缺乏,公民對正當法律程序制度認識的匱乏等是導致上述如此眾多問題的主要原因。 要解決上述諸多問題,擺脫當前所處的困境,就應采取適當措施完善正當法律程序制度。為此,作者提出了如下建議:推進以以人為本、司法獨立以及重視獨立性價值為內(nèi)容的正當法律程序理念化,并以此作為構(gòu)建正當法律程序制度的思想保障;要有的放矢,針對具體的制度性缺陷進行改革和創(chuàng)新,包括完善聽證制度,糾正民事領(lǐng)域的國家本位主義傾向,保障人權(quán)原則貫穿于刑事訴訟的始終,明確規(guī)定法律程序責任;加快推進政治體制改革,真正建立起權(quán)力運行制約機制是構(gòu)建正當法律程序制度并保障其順利落實和實施的根本保障、治本之策。
[Abstract]:To a great extent, the modern rule of law is the rule of procedure, and whether there is due process of law is the fundamental difference between the rule of law and the rule of man. The rule of law without due process is not the rule of law in the true sense. The institutional function of protecting citizens' human rights and its basic role in the rule of law, therefore, it is of great practical significance to construct a more perfect system of due process of law in China today, when the rule of law is defined as the strategy of governing the country by law. The concept of due process is the logical starting point of the subject of discussion. On the basis of the academic definition of the concept of due process of law, the author holds that due process has two meanings: in essence, in the sense of due process, It means that rights and freedoms cannot be deprived unless they are governed by the appropriate law; in the formal sense, this means that, once an act is to be determined by law, due process must be accompanied and naturally includes due legislation, Administrative and judicial proceedings. How to judge the "legitimacy" of due process of law? In the current academic world, there are criteria for effectiveness of results, criteria for validity of process value, unified criteria for validity of process and good results. Because the criterion of result validity can not solve the moral problem of legal procedure, the criterion of process value validity is simplistic and idealized, while the unified value standard contains the instrumental value and independent value of legal procedure. The value of due process is one of the core issues in the theory of due process. On the other hand, it also contains the independent value of safeguarding procedural justice, maintaining procedural peace and embodying procedural agreement. According to the unified value standard, there are still many problems in the design and implementation of the system of due process of law in our country. In the field of legislative procedure, the rules are sparse, the game mechanism is lacking, the degree of negotiation is low, and in the field of civil affairs, In the criminal field, the legal rights of criminal suspects are often violated, the principle of human rights has not yet been effectively implemented and universally adhered to, and in the field of administrative procedures, Administrative hearing is often a mere formality, and the lack of legal procedural responsibility objectively intensifies the public's disregard for procedural rules, the influence of the feudal centralization system in history, and the lagging of the current political system reform. The lack of the concept of due process and the lack of citizens' understanding of the system of due process are the main reasons for the above problems. In order to solve the above problems and get rid of the current predicament, we should take appropriate measures to perfect the system of due process of law. Judicial independence and the concept of due process of law, which takes the value of independence as the content, should be regarded as the ideological guarantee of constructing the system of due process of law. Including perfecting the hearing system, correcting the tendency of state orientation in the civil field, safeguarding the principle of human rights throughout the criminal proceedings, clearly stipulating the responsibility of legal procedures, speeding up the reform of the political system, It is the fundamental guarantee to set up the system of due process of law and guarantee its smooth implementation and implement, and to cure the root of the problem.
【學位授予單位】：中南民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D920.0

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 藍雪瑜;國有土地上房屋征收的正當法律程序研究[D];昆明理工大學;2012年

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本文編號：1529554