本文關(guān)鍵詞： 憲法修改 總統(tǒng)制 議員內(nèi)閣制 單任制 連任制　出處：《延邊大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 總統(tǒng)制是資產(chǎn)階級民主共和國的一種政權(quán)組織形式,與議會內(nèi)閣制相對稱,指由選民分別選舉總統(tǒng)和國會,由總統(tǒng)擔任國家元首,同時擔任政府首腦的制度。實行總統(tǒng)制的國家,在憲法中都規(guī)定了總統(tǒng)的職權(quán)。美國是最早實行總統(tǒng)制的國家。它實行立法、司法、行政三權(quán)分立并互相制衡的制度。與議會內(nèi)閣制相比較,總統(tǒng)制的特點是以總統(tǒng)為行政首腦,行政機關(guān)從屬于總統(tǒng)而非議會。在總統(tǒng)制下,總統(tǒng)獨立于議會之外,定期由公民直接或間接選舉;總統(tǒng)只向人民負責,不對議會負責。有些國家雖然也設(shè)總統(tǒng),但總統(tǒng)只是國家元首,不兼任政府首腦,內(nèi)閣由議會產(chǎn)生,只對議會負責。這種情況不屬總統(tǒng)制。 韓國憲法規(guī)定的三權(quán)分立原則和總統(tǒng)中心制,基本上是仿照美國的模式,但與美國又有所不同,美國是設(shè)副總統(tǒng),不設(shè)國務總理,副總統(tǒng)協(xié)助總統(tǒng)工作,韓國是設(shè)國務總理,不設(shè)副總統(tǒng),國務總理協(xié)助總統(tǒng)工作,組成以總統(tǒng)為首的國務會議來審議屬于政府權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)的重要政策。由此可見,韓國的總統(tǒng)制與法國的總統(tǒng)制相似。韓國總統(tǒng)制與其他國家的總統(tǒng)制相比有其獨特之處,這可能與韓國憲法修改的歷史以及國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等因素有關(guān)。因此,本人從韓國憲法修改的歷史沿革著手研究韓國的總統(tǒng)制。 本人從不同的視覺角度出發(fā)對韓國總統(tǒng)制進行深入研究。本人先從歷史學角度出發(fā)對韓國總統(tǒng)制的歷史沿革進行研究。并進一步闡述韓國總統(tǒng)制的必要性。其次,從理論和實際相結(jié)合的角度對韓國總統(tǒng)制的現(xiàn)狀進行分析,進而以比較法學的角度從對美國和韓國的比較中理出韓國總統(tǒng)制在實踐中存在的問題。最后,在以憲法學的角度借鑒韓國各界學者的主張,總結(jié)出韓國總統(tǒng)制的發(fā)展趨勢的幾點設(shè)想。 本人希望通過本文不僅對韓國憲法制度及其歷史發(fā)展作出較系統(tǒng)的總結(jié),以便于往后在研究韓國憲法時能有所幫助
[Abstract]:The presidential system is a form of political organization in the bourgeois Democratic Republic, which is symmetrical to the parliamentary and cabinet system. It refers to the election of the President and the National Assembly by the voters, and the election of the President as the head of State. The power of the president is stipulated in the constitution. The United States was the first country to implement the presidential system. It implements legislation and administration of justice. A system of separation of powers and checks and balances between the executive authorities. Compared with the parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system is characterized by the President being the head of the executive, the executive being subordinate to the President and not the Parliament. Under the presidential system, the President is independent from the Parliament. Periodic direct or indirect elections by citizens; the President is accountable only to the people and is not accountable to the Parliament... in some countries, although there are also presidents, the President is only the head of State and does not concurrently serve as head of Government, and the Cabinet is elected by Parliament. Only to Parliament. This is not a presidential system. The principle of separation of powers and the presidential center system stipulated in the South Korean Constitution are basically modelled on the US model, but they are different from those of the United States. The United States has a vice president, no state prime minister, and the vice president assists the president in his work. South Korea is a state prime minister. Without a Vice President, the Prime Minister of State assists the President in his work by forming a Council of State headed by the President to consider important policies that fall within the purview of the Government. The presidential system in South Korea is similar to the presidential system in France. The presidential system in South Korea has its own unique features compared with those of other countries, which may be related to the history of the revision of the Korean Constitution and the economic development of the country. I started to study the presidential system of Korea from the historical evolution of the amendment of the Korean Constitution. I studied the Korean presidential system from different visual angles. First, I studied the history of the Korean presidential system from the perspective of history. And further elaborated the necessity of the Korean presidential system. Secondly, This paper analyzes the present situation of the Korean presidential system from the angle of combining theory with practice, and then, from the perspective of comparative law, finds out the problems existing in the practice of the Korean presidential system from the comparison between the United States and South Korea. Finally, From the point of view of constitutionalism, this paper sums up some tentative ideas of the development trend of the presidential system in South Korea from the viewpoint of Korean scholars from all walks of life. I hope this paper will not only make a more systematic summary of the Korean constitutional system and its historical development, so as to facilitate the future study of the Korean Constitution can be helpful.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：DD911;D931.26

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 陳新;;憲法與政治——韓國總統(tǒng)彈劾案的啟示[J];湖北警官學院學報;2006年02期

2 張璉瑰;;解讀金大中時代[J];世界知識;2003年03期

3 韓大元;韓國憲法學理論的發(fā)展[J];中外法學;1997年03期

4 許元憲;;韓國憲法與美國憲法之比較[J];延邊大學學報(哲學社會科學版);1993年01期

5 劉茂林;論我國憲法修改程序的完善[J];政法論壇;2003年02期

6 夏勇;中國憲法改革的幾個基本理論問題[J];中國社會科學;2003年02期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 尚曉宇;[N];檢察日報;2003年

，

本文編號：1505366