本文關(guān)鍵詞： 立法權(quán)威 合法性 立法商談　出處：《廈門大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“民意審判”現(xiàn)象昭示了當(dāng)下中國法律權(quán)威的危機,對于該問題,國內(nèi)學(xué)者多著眼于法官或者審判,試圖告訴法官如何作出好的判決或者維護司法的權(quán)威,卻忽視立法問題。法律不僅需要社會公眾的服從,更需要社會公眾的內(nèi)心認同,立法權(quán)威是法律權(quán)威的重要組成部分,同樣地,它包含了公眾對立法的外在遵守,也包含了公眾對立法的內(nèi)心認同,立法權(quán)威需要合法性的證成。對于立法權(quán)威的合法性來源,自然主義者諸如西塞羅、洛克和德沃金認為其取決于立法結(jié)果是否合乎某種自然法,實證主義者比如哈特、拉茲、凱爾森認為其來自于立法行為本身,以哈貝馬斯為代表的程序主義者則將合法性訴諸一定的程序,通過平等廣泛的商談得出值得認同的“共識”。在價值多元的當(dāng)今社會,人們既還在追求著終極價值,又再也無法找到一個可以為所有人所認同的終極價值,因而,將哈貝馬斯的法律商談理論作為立法權(quán)威的合法性證成進路,這種程序主義的范式相對于自然主義或者實證主義的理論,顯然更為可取,即立法權(quán)威之樹立需要走立法商談之路。參照立法商談的要求,我國立法實踐存在立法參與主體的有限性、立法“商談”對象的局限性、立法審議缺乏論辯性、立法參與主體商談能力不足等諸多問題。為解決上述問題,首先,要確立商談的立法理念；其次,應(yīng)當(dāng)保障公民平等且廣泛的立法參與權(quán)；然后,需要建立健全諸如立法信息公開制度、立法聽證制度、立法辯論制度、立法后評估制度等一系列相關(guān)的立法程序；最后,還需要加強公民教育,培養(yǎng)公民意識。立法走上商談之路,立法權(quán)威才真正獲得正當(dāng)性,社會公眾才能真正形成對立法、法律的認同。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of "public opinion trial" reveals the current crisis of Chinese legal authority. For this issue, domestic scholars mostly focus on judges or trials, trying to tell judges how to make good judgments or uphold the authority of the judiciary. The law needs not only the obedience of the public, but also the inner identity of the public. Legislative authority is an important part of the legal authority, the same. It includes the external compliance of the public to the legislation and the public's inner identity to the legislation. The legislative authority needs the proof of legitimacy. For the source of the legitimacy of the legislative authority naturalists such as Cicero. Locke and Dworkin believe that it depends on whether the legislative results conform to some natural law, and positists such as Hart, Raz and Kelsen think it comes from the legislative act itself. Habermas represented by the procedure of legitimacy to a certain procedure, through equal and extensive negotiations to get the recognition of "consensus." in the value of diversity in today's society. People are still pursuing the ultimate value, but also can not find a final value that can be recognized by all. Therefore, Habermas's theory of legal negotiation as the legitimacy of the legislative authority into a path. This kind of procedural paradigm is obviously more desirable than naturalism or positivism, that is, the establishment of legislative authority needs to follow the road of legislative negotiation. There are many problems in our legislative practice, such as the limitation of the subject of legislative participation, the limitation of the object of legislative "negotiation", the lack of argumentation in the legislative review, the insufficiency of the capacity of the subject of legislative participation, and so on. First of all, we should establish the legislative concept of negotiation; Secondly, citizens should be guaranteed equal and extensive right to participate in legislation; Then, it is necessary to establish and perfect a series of relevant legislative procedures, such as the open system of legislative information, the system of legislative hearing, the system of legislative debate, the system of post-legislative evaluation, and so on. Finally, it is necessary to strengthen civic education and cultivate civic consciousness. Only when legislation is on the road of negotiation, can legislative authority truly gain legitimacy, and the public can truly form the recognition of legislation and law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D920.4

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