本文關(guān)鍵詞： 日本 雇傭保險法 制度 啟示　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 自從工業(yè)革命以來,經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條不斷出現(xiàn),失業(yè)問題就伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、技術(shù)的進(jìn)步而一直困擾著現(xiàn)代國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。能否解決好失業(yè)問題,不僅關(guān)系到失業(yè)者的基本生活,而且關(guān)系到社會的穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,所以很多國家都把解決失業(yè)問題置于一國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會政策關(guān)注的首位。失業(yè)保險作為一國社會保障系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分,它不僅幫助個人抵御在社會生活中可能遇到的失業(yè)風(fēng)險,消除人們收入的不確定性,從而改善人們的福利狀況,而且對于維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定和保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展起著積極的作用。我國于1999年5月22日正式頒布了《失業(yè)保險條例》,統(tǒng)一規(guī)范了城鎮(zhèn)所有企事業(yè)單位職工的失業(yè)保險問題,使我國失業(yè)保險法律制度開始走向法制化、規(guī)范化,為深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革,維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。但是由于我國的失業(yè)保險法律制度起步較晚,加之特殊的國情,因而出現(xiàn)了很多問題。而日本在建立雇傭保險法律制度方面積累了比較豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),加之中日兩國有共同的歷史傳統(tǒng)等相近之處,故本文嘗試從日本雇傭保險法律制度的歷史變遷出發(fā),探析日本現(xiàn)行雇傭保險法律制度的特點(diǎn)和成因,從而合理借鑒日本雇傭保險法律制度的經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善具有中國特色的失業(yè)保險法律制度。 本文共分為四個部分： 第一部分是對日本雇傭保險法律制度的變遷探究。主要從1945年《失業(yè)保險法》的制定、1974年《雇傭保險法》的出臺以及1980年代以來對《雇傭保險法》的修訂來對日本雇傭保險法律制度進(jìn)行考察,從而得出日本《失業(yè)保險法》到《雇傭保險法》的演變是隨著社會發(fā)展而變化發(fā)展的。 第二部分是對日本現(xiàn)行雇傭保險法律制度的特點(diǎn)及原因進(jìn)行探究。在歷史演變的基礎(chǔ)上,日本現(xiàn)行雇傭保險法形成以下特點(diǎn)：安定就業(yè)預(yù)防失業(yè)促進(jìn)就業(yè)理念的確立；雇傭保險兩大支柱的建立；配套完善的法律體系；分類負(fù)擔(dān)和差別費(fèi)率的確立；保險金支付公平與效率的權(quán)衡；雇傭持續(xù)給付制度的創(chuàng)新；集中與分散相結(jié)合管理模式的設(shè)立。這些特點(diǎn)的形成主要是因?yàn)槭艿搅诵录夹g(shù)革命的出現(xiàn)與生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的革新影響,同時也吸取了西方國家失業(yè)保險法律制度改革的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),迎應(yīng)了老齡化、少子化國情,更為減輕政府財政負(fù)擔(dān),并結(jié)合終身雇傭制的經(jīng)驗(yàn),由政府應(yīng)對結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)所做的法律調(diào)整。 第三部分是對現(xiàn)行日本雇傭保險法律制度的效用探究。由于雇傭保險法律制度推行的成功,使得日本的失業(yè)率在發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國家中長期居于最低。日本的雇傭保險法律制度通過對失業(yè)者的失業(yè)救濟(jì)和促進(jìn)就業(yè)三大業(yè)務(wù)的實(shí)施,不但保障了失業(yè)者的基本生活,而且通過注重提高勞動者的素質(zhì)來達(dá)到預(yù)防失業(yè)的目的,企業(yè)也因?yàn)閾碛懈咚刭|(zhì)的勞動者而受益。日本雇傭保險法律制度還造就了日本社會長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的局面,日本一直是世界上犯罪率最低的國家之一,而社會的穩(wěn)定同時也促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。 第四部分探究現(xiàn)行日本雇傭保險法對中國啟示。這一部分是在總結(jié)前三部分的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)行失業(yè)保險法律制度的困境,提出一些初步的法律構(gòu)想。在分析了我國現(xiàn)階段失業(yè)保險法律制度存在的缺陷的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合前面介紹的日本雇傭保險法律制度,最終落腳在如何完善我國失業(yè)保險法律制度上,制定獨(dú)立的《失業(yè)保險法》,推進(jìn)《就業(yè)促進(jìn)法》的實(shí)現(xiàn),加強(qiáng)失業(yè)保險基金的籌措、管理與監(jiān)管,完善就業(yè)促進(jìn)型失業(yè)保險法律制度。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution and the emerging of the great depression, unemployment problems along with the economic development and technological progress have been plagued by the modern economy. Can solve the unemployment problem, not only affects the basic livelihood of the unemployed, but also related to social stability and the sustainable development of the economy, so a lot of countries to solve the problem of unemployment in the country's economic and social policy concerns in the first place. The unemployment insurance as an important part of the national social security system, it not only helps the individuals to defend in social life may encounter the risk of unemployment and eliminate the uncertainty of income, so as to improve people's welfare, but also for the maintenance of social to maintain stability and play an active role in the sustainable development of economy. In May 22, 1999 China formally promulgated the "Regulations on unemployment insurance", unified and standardized all town enterprises Unemployment insurance institutions of workers, the legal system of unemployment insurance in China started towards legalization, standardization, to deepen the reform of economic system and play an important role in maintaining social stability. But because of China's unemployment insurance legal system started late, coupled with the special conditions, so there are a lot of problems in Japan. The establishment of employment insurance law system has accumulated rich experience, and the two countries have common historic tradition, therefore this article starting from the historical changes of the Japanese employment insurance law system, characteristics and causes of the current Japanese employment insurance law system, thus reasonably from the Japanese employment insurance law system's experience, with perfect China characteristics of unemployment insurance legal system.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part is to explore the changes of the Japanese employment insurance law system. From the establishment of 1945 "unemployment insurance law", "Employment Insurance Law" in 1974 and issued since 1980s amendments to the "Employment Insurance Law" to the Japanese employment insurance law system were investigated, then the evolution of Japan's "unemployment insurance law" to < > the employment insurance law varies with the development of society.
The second part is the characteristics and reasons of Japan's current employment insurance legal system are explored. Based on the historical evolution, the formation of the following characteristics of Japan's current employment insurance law: the establishment of stable employment employment promoting prevention of unemployment; the establishment of the two pillars of the employment insurance; legal system perfect; establish the classification rate and the difference of burden insurance payments; balance between fairness and efficiency; continuous innovation of employment payment system; centralized and decentralized management mode. The combination of the establishment of the formation of these characteristics is mainly because of the influence of the reform of new technology revolution and the production technology, but also draws lessons from western countries the unemployment insurance legal system reform, welcome should the aging, low fertility conditions, to relieve the financial burden of government, and combined with the experience of lifelong employment system, by the government to deal with structural failure Legal adjustments made by the industry.
The third part is to explore the current Japanese employment insurance law system's effectiveness. The successful implementation of employment insurance law system, making Japan's unemployment rate in the developed capitalist countries in the long term is the lowest. The Japanese employment insurance law system through the implementation of the unemployed unemployment relief and employment of the three major business, not only the basic guarantee the life of the unemployed, and by focusing on improving the quality of workers to achieve the goal of preventing unemployment, enterprises also benefit because of the high quality workers. The Japanese employment insurance law system also makes the Japanese society long-term stable development of the situation, Japan has been one of the world's lowest crime rates, but also promote social stability the stable development of the economy.
The fourth part explores the present Japanese Employment Insurance Law of China enlightenment. This part is on the basis of the first three parts, combined with China's current unemployment insurance system dilemma, proposes some preliminary legal conception. Based on analysis of defects in the present stage of our country unemployment insurance legal system in the legal system. Combining the Japanese Employment Insurance mentioned, finally settled on how to improve the legal system of unemployment insurance in China, making the unemployment insurance law > < < independent, promote employment and promoting the realization of law, strengthen the collection of unemployment insurance fund, management and supervision, improve the employment promotion of unemployment insurance legal system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D912.28;D931.3

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