本文關(guān)鍵詞：公民極端維權(quán)行為的社會(huì)發(fā)生機(jī)制探析　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 權(quán)利 權(quán)力 極端維權(quán) 利益表達(dá)機(jī)制

【摘要】：隨著城鎮(zhèn)化的加快,民眾權(quán)利意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒，基層利益博弈與利益協(xié)調(diào)成為了一個(gè)不得不關(guān)注的主題。從2009年的“唐福珍案”起，先后發(fā)生了諸起自焚抵抗拆遷事件，如江蘇省連云港市東海縣黃川鎮(zhèn)、湖北省武漢市黃陂區(qū)等。而后的冀中星案，暴力抗?fàn)庍M(jìn)入了我們的思考范圍。這讓我們不得不反思：在這個(gè)法律成為當(dāng)前社會(huì)控制的主要手段的時(shí)候，我們的基層民眾卻是在“以身體抗?fàn)帯�，尤其在面�?duì)公權(quán)力的強(qiáng)制進(jìn)入的時(shí)候，，沖突的解決似乎脫離了秩序化和程序化的軌道�；鶎訖�(quán)利的抗?fàn)幒我圆煌ㄟ^(guò)制度救濟(jì)，而是“以生命為賭”這種極端的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自身財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利？先前的“日常抵抗”、“依法抗?fàn)帯�、“以法抗�(fàn)帯钡壤碚撃Ｊ揭呀?jīng)不能解釋這一現(xiàn)象。這是本文探討的焦點(diǎn)，并在此分析的基礎(chǔ)上探索終結(jié)“身體維權(quán)”的合理的制度設(shè)計(jì)。 本文基于法學(xué)理論的角度，收集大量的極端維權(quán)案例，通過(guò)對(duì)案例如“宜黃事件”等極端維權(quán)事件的分析，探討當(dāng)下社會(huì)極端維權(quán)方式背后的原因，糾正目前利益表達(dá)機(jī)制的內(nèi)在缺陷，期望能使基層民眾的權(quán)利斗爭(zhēng)方式納入正常的利益表達(dá)機(jī)制當(dāng)中。本文并不是鼓吹極端的權(quán)利斗爭(zhēng)，而是想表達(dá)當(dāng)民眾在面對(duì)不合理的制度侵害，想要維權(quán)卻又沒(méi)有合法的利益表達(dá)機(jī)制保障的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該給予的制度支持。 通過(guò)對(duì)案例的分析和實(shí)際的訪(fǎng)談，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)極端維權(quán)行為的發(fā)生是一個(gè)行為邏輯的選擇過(guò)程：目前利益分配制度存在的潛在的不公使得權(quán)益人認(rèn)為自己的利益受到不公正的侵害，當(dāng)事人會(huì)處于憤慨、忍讓、無(wú)奈、妥協(xié)或者反抗的狀態(tài)中。當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為自己權(quán)益受到侵害的痛苦大于忍讓的痛苦之后，就會(huì)尋求反抗措施——制度內(nèi)的救濟(jì)或者制度外的救濟(jì)。當(dāng)制度內(nèi)的救濟(jì)不能充分的實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)事人的利益表達(dá)，而這種行為又使其與政府或者資本持有者“撕破臉”時(shí),為了獲得社會(huì)輿論道德的支持，同時(shí)給對(duì)方施加壓力，或者讓上級(jí)部門(mén)“批示”處理，加之先驗(yàn)和先例的“示范”效應(yīng)，當(dāng)事人就可能采取極端行為，而極端的維權(quán)事件也就極可能發(fā)生。 根據(jù)極端維權(quán)行為的邏輯選擇的分析，筆者認(rèn)為制度分配的缺陷是引發(fā)極端維權(quán)事件的起因，制度內(nèi)的司法救濟(jì)途徑的不暢通和無(wú)權(quán)威性是驅(qū)使當(dāng)事人選擇制度外救濟(jì)途徑的關(guān)鍵因素，而釋放社會(huì)不滿(mǎn)情緒的安全閥被堵塞和行政部門(mén)在事件發(fā)生過(guò)程中的不當(dāng)處理是極端事件發(fā)生的催化劑。因此，完善利益分配制度、樹(shù)立司法的權(quán)威、排放社會(huì)不良的“氣”并且加強(qiáng)對(duì)行政權(quán)力行使的監(jiān)督，這會(huì)大大減少極端維權(quán)事件的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the awakening of the awareness of people's rights, the grass-roots interest game and interest coordination has become a topic that we have to pay close attention to, starting from the Tang Fuzhen case in 2009. There have been various incidents of self-immolation and resistance to demolition, such as Huangchuan Town, Donghai County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, Huangpi District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and the Jizhong Star case. Violent protests have come into our minds. This has forced us to reflect on the fact that while this law has become the primary means of social control, our grassroots are "fighting physically". Especially in the face of the compulsory entry of public power, conflict resolution seems to be divorced from the orbit of order and procedure. But "bet on life" this extreme way to realize their own property rights? The previous theoretical models of "daily resistance", "struggle according to law" and "fight by law" can no longer explain this phenomenon. This is the focus of this paper. On the basis of this analysis, the author explores the reasonable system design to end body protection. Based on the perspective of legal theory, this paper collects a large number of extreme rights protection cases, through the case such as "Yihuang incident" such as extreme rights protection events analysis, to explore the current social extreme rights protection way behind the reasons. Correct the inherent defects of the current interest expression mechanism, hope to make the grass-roots people's right struggle way into the normal interest expression mechanism. This article is not advocating extreme rights struggle. Instead, we want to express the institutional support that we should give when people are facing unreasonable system infringement, but they want to protect their rights but there is no legal interest expression mechanism. Through the case analysis and actual interviews. The author finds that the occurrence of extreme rights protection behavior is a logical choice process: the potential injustice of the current benefit distribution system makes the rights and interests feel that their interests have been unjustly infringed. The parties will be in a state of indignation, forbearance, helplessness, compromise or resistance. Will seek resistance measures-relief within the system or relief outside of the system, when the relief within the system can not fully realize the interests of the parties to express. And this kind of behavior causes it to "tear the face" with the government or the capital holder, in order to obtain the public opinion moral support, at the same time exerts the pressure to the other party, or lets the superior department "instruct" to deal with. In addition to the "demonstration" effect of a priori and a precedent, the parties may take extreme actions, and extreme events of safeguarding rights are also very likely to occur. According to the analysis of the logical choice of extreme rights safeguarding behavior, the author thinks that the defect of system distribution is the cause of the extreme rights protection event. The lack of smooth and authoritative judicial remedies is the key factor that drives the parties to choose the remedy channels outside the system. The safety valve to release the social discontent is blocked and the improper handling of the administrative department in the event is the catalyst of extreme events. Therefore, improve the benefit distribution system, establish the authority of the judiciary. Emissions of bad social "gas" and strengthened supervision of the exercise of administrative power will greatly reduce the incidence of extreme activism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D90-052

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