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馬達(dá)蛋白屬于什么_馬達(dá)蛋白 視頻_Cell亮點(diǎn)文章:馬達(dá)蛋白團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-09-07 08:11

  本文關(guān)鍵詞:馬達(dá)蛋白,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。


  

生物通報(bào)道:生命在于運(yùn)動(dòng)。我們伸手拍蚊子,而后者靈活地躲避了死神之手。這其中發(fā)生了什么?是誰(shuí)控制我們的手部運(yùn)動(dòng),又是誰(shuí)解救了蚊子?答案是分子馬達(dá),手部肌肉和蚊子翅膀中的納米級(jí)蛋白機(jī)器。我們需要這些馬達(dá)來(lái)拍蚊子、眨眼睛、行走、吃飯、喝水……,做一切你想象得出的事。就在我們伸手拍蚊子的時(shí)候,,肌肉中數(shù)百萬(wàn)分子馬達(dá)正進(jìn)行著精密合作。

有趣的是,強(qiáng)有力的驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白無(wú)法協(xié)同作用,而較弱且易于解體的動(dòng)力蛋白卻能夠合作產(chǎn)生很大的力量。研究顯示,當(dāng)面對(duì)更高負(fù)載時(shí),動(dòng)力蛋白運(yùn)載小隊(duì)與微管結(jié)合,而驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白快速解散。

為何自然界做出如此不合常理的選擇,讓弱馬達(dá)蛋白在許多生物學(xué)過(guò)程中承擔(dān)如此重任呢?研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),由于每個(gè)動(dòng)力蛋白都能夠改變其齒輪,一隊(duì)動(dòng)力蛋白就可以分擔(dān)很大的負(fù)載。正因如此,與其他沒(méi)有傳動(dòng)裝置的強(qiáng)力馬達(dá)蛋白相比,動(dòng)力蛋白團(tuán)隊(duì)合作更為有效。

研究人員將激光束聚焦在小鼠細(xì)胞內(nèi)部,以此困住細(xì)胞中被馬達(dá)蛋白驅(qū)動(dòng)的單個(gè)吞噬體,此時(shí)這些馬達(dá)蛋白就會(huì)使出渾身解數(shù)將物質(zhì)拖出“激光陷阱”。研究人員觀察了四個(gè)動(dòng)力蛋白合力將吞噬體拖出激光陷阱的過(guò)程。

Mallik說(shuō):“每個(gè)動(dòng)力蛋白都有轉(zhuǎn)換齒輪的特殊能力,就向我們開(kāi)車(chē)上坡要換檔一樣。在動(dòng)力蛋白運(yùn)載小隊(duì)中,每個(gè)蛋白都會(huì)依據(jù)所需拉力做出調(diào)整,在拉動(dòng)時(shí)緊密合作。這種形式下動(dòng)力蛋白能夠平均分?jǐn)偹鼈兊呢?fù)載,從而有效產(chǎn)生更大的力量。值得注意的是,驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白比動(dòng)力蛋白更強(qiáng)力,但由驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白組成的小隊(duì)就無(wú)法產(chǎn)生那么大的力,原因就在于驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白沒(méi)有傳動(dòng)裝置。”

看來(lái)在人類(lèi)造出法拉利和蘭博基尼以前,自然界早早就學(xué)會(huì)了打造帶傳動(dòng)裝置的納米級(jí)馬達(dá)了。

 

(生物通編輯:葉予)

生物通推薦原文摘要:

Molecular Adaptations Allow Dynein to Generate Large Collective Forces inside Cells

Many cellular processes require large forces that are generated collectively by multiple cytoskeletal motor proteins. Understanding how motors generate force as a team is therefore fundamentally important but is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate optical trapping at single-molecule resolution inside cells to quantify force generation by motor teams driving single phagosomes. In remarkable paradox, strong kinesins fail to work collectively, whereas weak and detachment-prone dyneins team up to generate large forces that tune linearly in strength and persistence with dynein number. Based on experimental evidence, we propose that leading dyneins in a load-carrying team take short steps, whereas trailing dyneins take larger steps. Dyneins in such a team bunch close together and therefore share load better to overcome low/intermediate loads. Up against higher load, dyneins catch bond tenaciously to the microtubule, but kinesins detach rapidly. Dynein therefore appears uniquely adapted to work in large teams, which may explain how this motor executes bewilderingly diverse cellular processes.


  本文關(guān)鍵詞:馬達(dá)蛋白,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。



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