【摘要】：蚜蟲(chóng)作為農(nóng)林經(jīng)濟(jì)植物上的一類(lèi)重要害蟲(chóng)，能對(duì)多種寄主植物造成多重侵害。殺蟲(chóng)劑作為害蟲(chóng)防治工程的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，其所取得的成就顯而易見(jiàn)，但長(zhǎng)期廣泛大量地使用殺蟲(chóng)劑導(dǎo)致害蟲(chóng)對(duì)殺蟲(chóng)劑產(chǎn)生抗藥性使得害蟲(chóng)的化學(xué)防治工作面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。因此對(duì)于害蟲(chóng)抗性機(jī)制的研究具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。本文著眼麥二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)吡蟲(chóng)啉抗性的發(fā)生發(fā)展及吡蟲(chóng)啉對(duì)麥二叉蚜的篩選作用，監(jiān)測(cè)麥二叉蚜體內(nèi)相關(guān)酶系的動(dòng)態(tài)變化，試圖初步探究麥二叉蚜吡蟲(chóng)啉抗性的生化機(jī)制及吡蟲(chóng)啉對(duì)麥二叉蚜生態(tài)學(xué)參數(shù)的影響。 使用吡蟲(chóng)啉對(duì)麥二叉蚜連續(xù)進(jìn)行13代抗性篩選，得到抗性倍數(shù)為7.21的麥二叉蚜抗性品系F13，F(xiàn)13品系的乙酰膽堿酯酶與谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶比活力分別是F0的1.88與1.31倍。結(jié)果顯示，麥二叉蚜吡蟲(chóng)啉抗性的發(fā)展速度較慢，乙酰膽堿酯酶與谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶的活性變化同LC50值的變化具有一定的相關(guān)性，說(shuō)明麥二叉蚜的吡蟲(chóng)啉抗性可能與其體內(nèi)乙酰膽堿酯酶與谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶的活性增強(qiáng)有關(guān)。 亞致死劑量吡蟲(chóng)啉處理麥二叉蚜親代后，其子一代的LC50值、乙酰膽堿酯酶活力和谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶活力增強(qiáng)，隨著世代延續(xù)，分別又恢復(fù)到處理前水平。說(shuō)明亞致死劑量吡蟲(chóng)啉對(duì)乙酰膽堿酯酶和谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶活力具有一定的誘導(dǎo)作用；同時(shí)，亞致死劑量吡蟲(chóng)啉處理麥二叉蚜親代后，，對(duì)相對(duì)敏感品系親代平均壽命、內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率、凈增殖率和周限增長(zhǎng)率有抑制作用，且隨著世代的增加，這種抑制作用逐漸減弱。
[Abstract]:Aphids, as a kind of important pests in agricultural and forestry economic plants, can cause multiple damage to a variety of host plants. As a link of pest control engineering, pesticides have made obvious achievements, but the long-term extensive use of pesticides leads to the resistance of pests to pesticides, which makes the chemical control of pests face challenges. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the mechanism of pest resistance. In this paper, the occurrence and development of (Schizaphis graminum) imidacloprid resistance and the screening effect of imidacloprid on wheat binary aphid were studied, and the dynamic changes of related enzymes in wheat binary aphid were monitored. The biochemical mechanism of imidacloprid resistance and the effect of imidacloprid on the ecological parameters of wheat aphid were studied. Imidacloprid was used to screen the resistance of wheat binary aphid for 13 generations. The resistant strain F13 with resistance multiple of 7.21 was obtained. The specific activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase in F13 strain were 1.88 and 1.31 times higher than those in F0, respectively. The results showed that the resistance to imidacloprid in wheat aphid was developing slowly, and the activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase were correlated with the change of LC50 value. It is suggested that the imidacloprid resistance of wheat binary aphid may be related to the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase in wheat aphid. After sublethal dose imidacloprid treatment, the LC50 value, acetylcholinesterase activity and glutathion transferase activity of their offspring increased, and returned to the pre-treatment level with the continuation of the generation. The results showed that the sublethal dose imidacloprid could induce the activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione transferase to a certain extent. At the same time, sublethal dose imidacloprid could inhibit the parental life expectancy, intrinsic growth rate, net proliferation rate and weekly growth rate of relatively sensitive lines, and the inhibitory effect was gradually weakened with the increase of generations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢輕工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R96

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