本文選題：釀酒酵母　切入點：生物防控　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：化石資源的迅速開采和耗竭,以及其過度的使用不僅造成環(huán)境污染,并對我們的日常生活造成嚴重的影響。近年來,在我國已經(jīng)有越來越多的城市空氣質(zhì)量不達標,形成這種現(xiàn)象的源頭就是由于大量傳統(tǒng)能源的使用,汽油柴油等能源依然是我國機動車的主要動力供給。發(fā)電、供暖則主要依靠燃煤,因而由此排放的CO、碳氫化合物、鉛等大量有害物質(zhì)直排入大氣中,進而造成霧霾天氣,并對人們的身體健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。因此,人們迫切需要開發(fā)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新型清潔能源。將乙醇汽油混合,可提高汽油的辛烷值和氧含量,從而使汽油燃燒更充分,進而降低汽車尾氣中的CO、碳氫化合物等含量。我國以及其他許多國家也都在推廣乙醇汽油的應(yīng)用。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)乙醇的方法主要有發(fā)酵法和合成法。釀酒酵母是酒精發(fā)酵的主要菌種。發(fā)酵法生產(chǎn)乙醇的過程中因儀器滲漏、種子帶菌等原因經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致發(fā)酵罐染菌,這成為工業(yè)上利用發(fā)酵法大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)乙醇的一個難題。工業(yè)發(fā)酵中細菌污染造成的損失巨大,所以人們必須認真對待染菌問題。針對染菌問題,人們已經(jīng)摸索出一系列方法,如抑制染菌,藥物抑菌(即加入抗生素法)、以酸制酸法以及加入乳酸法等。第一種方法都會存在藥物的殘留以及藥物的抗性問題,第二種方法致使發(fā)酵液不能循環(huán)利用,造成浪費。 利用噬菌體抑制發(fā)酵過程中的雜菌污染。對發(fā)酵過程中中酵母菌數(shù)量、植物乳桿菌數(shù)量、pH值、殘?zhí)橇恳约鞍l(fā)酵終期的乙醇含量進行測定,進而利用PASW STATISTICS軟件進行相關(guān)性分析,建立回歸模型,從而得知發(fā)酵過程與染菌最相關(guān)的環(huán)境因素�；诓⑻岢鰳�(gòu)想,利用包裹材料對噬菌體顆粒進行包裹制備,并形成對最相關(guān)環(huán)境因素進行響應(yīng)釋放。首先制備殼聚糖微球,利用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)對其形態(tài)大小進行測定。對微球進行液氮研磨,利用透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)對微球內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)進行觀察,以證明所制備微球是否具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu),是否具備包裹物質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)條件。對噬菌體進行微球包裹,并對包裹噬菌體的微球在不同pH情況下的溶脹以及超微結(jié)構(gòu)進行測定,從而驗證殼聚糖微球成功包裹噬菌體顆粒,并且包裹后的微球可響應(yīng)pH的變化。將包裹噬菌體顆粒的微球加入到模擬染菌的發(fā)酵體系中,并與模擬染菌的發(fā)酵體系發(fā)酵終期的乙醇含量進行比較,得出加入包裹噬菌體顆粒的微球的乙醇含量高于模擬染菌體系的乙醇含量(P0.01),表明在染菌發(fā)酵體系在加入包裹噬菌體顆粒的微球后,可有效控制發(fā)酵體系的染菌。
[Abstract]:The rapid exploitation and depletion of fossil resources, as well as their excessive use, not only cause environmental pollution, but also have a serious impact on our daily life. In recent years, more and more cities in our country have substandard air quality. The source of this phenomenon is the use of a large number of traditional energy sources. Gasoline, diesel and other energy sources are still the main power supply for motor vehicles in China. Lead and other harmful substances are released directly into the atmosphere, resulting in haze weather and adverse effects on people's health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new clean energy sources for sustainable development. It can increase the octane number and oxygen content of gasoline, thus making gasoline burn more fully. In China and many other countries, the application of ethanol gasoline is also being popularized. The methods of industrial production of ethanol are mainly fermentation and synthesis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is alcohol. The main strain of fermentation. In the process of producing ethanol by fermentation, the instrument leaks, Some reasons, such as seed carrying bacteria, often lead to bacterial contamination in fermenter, which has become a difficult problem for large-scale production of ethanol by fermentation in industry. The loss caused by bacterial contamination in industrial fermentation is huge. So people have to take the problem of bacterial contamination seriously. People have found out a series of methods to deal with the problem of bacterial contamination, such as inhibiting the contamination of bacteria. The first method will have the problem of drug residues and drug resistance, the second method will lead to the fermentation broth can not be recycled, resulting in waste. The number of yeast, the number of Lactobacillus plantarum and pH value, the amount of residual sugar and the content of ethanol in the final fermentation period were determined by bacteriophage in the fermentation process, and the correlation was analyzed by PASW STATISTICS software. A regression model was established to find out the most relevant environmental factors related to the fermentation process. Based on the conception, the phage particles were encapsulated by encapsulated materials. At first, chitosan microspheres were prepared. The morphology of chitosan microspheres was measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microspheres were ground with liquid nitrogen. The internal structure of the microspheres was observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to prove whether the microspheres had core-shell structure and the basic conditions for the encapsulation of the substance. The bacteriophage was encapsulated with microspheres. The swelling and ultrastructure of the bacteriophage encapsulated microspheres at different pH were determined to verify that chitosan microspheres successfully encapsulated phage particles. And the encapsulated microspheres can respond to the change of pH. The microspheres wrapped in phage particles were added to the fermentation system of simulated bacteria, and the ethanol content in the final fermentation period was compared with that in the simulated inoculation system. The results showed that the ethanol content of the microspheres coated with bacteriophage particles was higher than that of the imitated bacteriophage system (P0.01), which indicated that the bacteriophage inoculation system could be effectively controlled by adding the microspheres wrapped in the bacteriophage particles in the fermentation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TS261.1;R943

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