中紅外醫(yī)用光纖激光的研制及其與生物組織作用的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 13:44
【摘要】：近年來,2.0μm激光手術(shù)治療系統(tǒng)相比于傳統(tǒng)開放式外科手術(shù)和經(jīng)尿道電切術(shù),在治療前列腺等泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病方面,具有出血量少、作用創(chuàng)口小以及手術(shù)安全性高等優(yōu)勢。這是由于水分子在1.94μm波長處有一個吸收峰,組織受激光照射,內(nèi)部的水分會迅速吸收激光能量,瞬間達(dá)到氣化所需的溫度條件并受熱分解。在此過程中,組織的氣化分解能快速帶走大量的熱能量,減小其在鄰近組織中的熱傳導(dǎo)作用,降低對目標(biāo)組織周圍的熱損傷。然而目前市場上商用化的銩激光手術(shù)刀的光源大多采用連續(xù)二極管端面抽運(yùn)的Tm:YAG激光系統(tǒng)和Tm:YLF激光系統(tǒng)。摻Tm~(3+)光纖激光器相較于傳統(tǒng)銩固體激光器具有較好的光束質(zhì)量、良好的集成性和較高的緊湊性,完全具有替代傳統(tǒng)固體激光手術(shù)刀的潛在應(yīng)用價值。因此,研究摻銩光纖激光系統(tǒng)與新鮮生物組織的相互作用,開展定量分析和定性討論是非常有必要的。本文基于2.0μm波段摻銩光纖激光器的各種優(yōu)點(diǎn),開發(fā)和研制了一款連續(xù)/準(zhǔn)連續(xù)全光纖銩激光治療系統(tǒng)和搭建了基于全光纖主振蕩功率放大(MOPA)結(jié)構(gòu)的高功率銩激光手術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),并且重點(diǎn)研究了2.0μm波段摻銩光纖激光與生物軟組織的相互作用。主要研究成果有以下幾點(diǎn):(1)基于Tm~(3+)對793 nm泵浦的吸收能級建立了摻銩光纖激光器的速率方程,并結(jié)合邊界條件對激光器的輸出功率特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,并計(jì)算了達(dá)到預(yù)期輸出功率所需的光纖長度和輸出激光的斜率效率。數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果表明摻銩增益光纖長度為6 m時,在12 W泵浦功率下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)3.4 W的激光輸出。我們通過調(diào)節(jié)邊界條件參數(shù),同時對摻銩光纖激光器的MOPA放大輸出特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析。當(dāng)種子源功率為3 W時,采用10 m的摻銩增益光纖并設(shè)置泵浦功率為160 W時可以實(shí)現(xiàn)81.75 W激光輸出,此時放大器的斜率效率為48.9%。(2)基于摻銩光纖激光輸出功率的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果、泵浦參數(shù)以及增益光纖參數(shù),對低功率銩光纖激光治療儀的連續(xù)激光源系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行搭建,并封裝實(shí)現(xiàn)了2μm全光纖激光治療儀的整機(jī)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以輸出中心波長為1981.53 nm,光譜寬度為0.07 nm的窄帶連續(xù)激光。在連續(xù)工作模式下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)最高2.0 W,在占空比為50%的準(zhǔn)連續(xù)工作模式下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)平均功率為1.0 W的輸出。其次我們應(yīng)用低功率全光纖銩激光治療儀對新鮮小豬皮膚進(jìn)行單點(diǎn)消融實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,定量分析在激光作用下,組織熱穿透深度始終控制在2.5 mm以下。當(dāng)1 Hz的激光作用下,組織消融深度相對于連續(xù)激光將會大幅提高,皮膚組織也能達(dá)到相同消融時間和激光平均功率下的最大消融深度和最小凝固深度。在與3μm鉺激光對皮膚組織的作用深度對比中,3μm激光具有更淺的穿透深度,但我們依然可以調(diào)節(jié)銩激光的參數(shù)來適應(yīng)于鉺激光的組織作用情況。(3)開展了2μm全光纖MOPA結(jié)構(gòu)的銩激光實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)搭建和研究。系統(tǒng)的主振蕩級可以輸出中心波長為1980.4 nm,光譜寬度(FWHM)為0.05 nm的窄帶連續(xù)激光。實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們測試了大模場摻銩光纖激光放大器的輸出功率最高可以達(dá)到78.1 W,此時的泵浦功率為138.8 W,放大斜率效率為57%。于此同時,我們也開展了30 W量級的高功率摻銩光纖激光器切割新鮮豬腎臟的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,在具有切割效應(yīng)情況下,我們將切割速度從3 mm/s提高到5 mm/s,組織凝固寬度和深度會降低50%左右。綜合所有數(shù)據(jù)表明,腎臟組織熱作用深度在3 mm以內(nèi),最大凝固深度在1 mm左右,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了2μm高功率摻銩光纖激光器在中紅外激光醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展可能性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, compared with traditional open surgery and transurethral resection, 2.0 micron laser surgery system has the advantages of less bleeding, less wound and higher safety in the treatment of urinary system diseases, such as prostate. This is because water molecules have an absorption peak at 1.94 micron wavelength, and the tissues are irradiated by laser, so the internal part of the system is safe. In this process, tissue gasification can quickly take away a large amount of heat energy, reduce its heat conduction in adjacent tissues, and reduce the thermal damage around the target tissue. However, commercialized thulium laser surgery is currently on the market. Tm:YAG laser system and Tm:YLF laser system are mostly used as the light source of the knife. Compared with traditional thulium solid-state laser, Tm~ (3+) doped fiber laser has better beam quality, better integration and higher compactness, so it has the potential application value to replace the traditional solid-state laser scalpel. Quantitative analysis and qualitative discussion are very necessary to study the interaction between thulium-doped fiber laser system and fresh biological tissue. Based on the advantages of 2.0 micron-band thulium-doped fiber laser, a continuous/quasi-continuous all-fiber thulium laser treatment system and an all-fiber main oscillator power amplification system are developed. The experimental system of high-power thulium-doped fiber laser with MOPA structure is studied. The interaction between thulium-doped fiber laser and biological soft tissue at 2.0 micron band is studied. The main results are as follows: (1) Based on the absorption level pumped by Tm~ (3+) at 793 nm, the rate equation of the thulium-doped fiber laser is established, and the boundary conditions are combined with the laser. The output power characteristics are numerically simulated and the fiber length and the slope efficiency of the output laser required to achieve the desired output power are calculated. The numerical simulation results show that the laser output can reach 3.4 W at 12 W pumping power when the length of the Tb-doped gain fiber is 6 m. We adjust the boundary condition parameters and simultaneously treat the Tb-doped fiber. The output characteristics of the amplifier are analyzed numerically. When the seeding power is 3 W, 81.75 W laser output can be achieved with 10 m Tb-doped gain fiber and 160 W pump power. The slope efficiency of the amplifier is 48.9%. (2) Based on the numerical simulation results of the output power of the Tb-doped fiber laser, the pump parameters and the pump power Gain fiber parameters, build the continuous laser source system of low power Thulium fiber laser therapeutic instrument, and package the whole system of 2 micron all fiber laser therapeutic instrument. The system can output a narrow-band continuous laser with a central wavelength of 1981.53 nm and a spectral width of 0.07 nm. The average power of 1.0 W can be achieved in the quasi-continuous mode with 50% air-to-air ratio. Secondly, the single-point Ablation Experiment of fresh piglet skin was carried out with low-power all-fiber thulium laser therapeutic apparatus. The thermal penetration depth of tissue was always controlled below 2.5 mm under the action of laser. Under the action of 1 Hz laser, the tissue was ablated quantitatively. The ablation depth will be greatly increased compared with CW laser, and the maximum ablation depth and minimum coagulation depth of skin tissue can be achieved at the same ablation time and laser average power. The main oscillation stage of the system can output a narrow-band CW laser with a central wavelength of 1980.4 nm and a spectral width of 0.05 nm. In the experiment, we measured the transmission of a large-mode field Tb-doped fiber laser amplifier. The maximum output power can reach 78.1 W, when the pump power is 138.8 W and the amplification slope efficiency is 57%.. At the same time, we have also carried out an experimental research on the high power TM * fiber laser cutting the fresh pig kidney at 30 W level. Under the condition of cutting effect, we will increase the cutting speed from 3 mm/s to 5 mm/s, and the width of the tissue solidification. All the data show that the thermal depth of kidney tissue is less than 3 mm and the maximum coagulation depth is about 1 mm. This further verifies the development possibility of 2 micron high power Tb-doped fiber laser in the field of mid-infrared laser medical treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R312;TN24
本文編號：2193826
[Abstract]:In recent years, compared with traditional open surgery and transurethral resection, 2.0 micron laser surgery system has the advantages of less bleeding, less wound and higher safety in the treatment of urinary system diseases, such as prostate. This is because water molecules have an absorption peak at 1.94 micron wavelength, and the tissues are irradiated by laser, so the internal part of the system is safe. In this process, tissue gasification can quickly take away a large amount of heat energy, reduce its heat conduction in adjacent tissues, and reduce the thermal damage around the target tissue. However, commercialized thulium laser surgery is currently on the market. Tm:YAG laser system and Tm:YLF laser system are mostly used as the light source of the knife. Compared with traditional thulium solid-state laser, Tm~ (3+) doped fiber laser has better beam quality, better integration and higher compactness, so it has the potential application value to replace the traditional solid-state laser scalpel. Quantitative analysis and qualitative discussion are very necessary to study the interaction between thulium-doped fiber laser system and fresh biological tissue. Based on the advantages of 2.0 micron-band thulium-doped fiber laser, a continuous/quasi-continuous all-fiber thulium laser treatment system and an all-fiber main oscillator power amplification system are developed. The experimental system of high-power thulium-doped fiber laser with MOPA structure is studied. The interaction between thulium-doped fiber laser and biological soft tissue at 2.0 micron band is studied. The main results are as follows: (1) Based on the absorption level pumped by Tm~ (3+) at 793 nm, the rate equation of the thulium-doped fiber laser is established, and the boundary conditions are combined with the laser. The output power characteristics are numerically simulated and the fiber length and the slope efficiency of the output laser required to achieve the desired output power are calculated. The numerical simulation results show that the laser output can reach 3.4 W at 12 W pumping power when the length of the Tb-doped gain fiber is 6 m. We adjust the boundary condition parameters and simultaneously treat the Tb-doped fiber. The output characteristics of the amplifier are analyzed numerically. When the seeding power is 3 W, 81.75 W laser output can be achieved with 10 m Tb-doped gain fiber and 160 W pump power. The slope efficiency of the amplifier is 48.9%. (2) Based on the numerical simulation results of the output power of the Tb-doped fiber laser, the pump parameters and the pump power Gain fiber parameters, build the continuous laser source system of low power Thulium fiber laser therapeutic instrument, and package the whole system of 2 micron all fiber laser therapeutic instrument. The system can output a narrow-band continuous laser with a central wavelength of 1981.53 nm and a spectral width of 0.07 nm. The average power of 1.0 W can be achieved in the quasi-continuous mode with 50% air-to-air ratio. Secondly, the single-point Ablation Experiment of fresh piglet skin was carried out with low-power all-fiber thulium laser therapeutic apparatus. The thermal penetration depth of tissue was always controlled below 2.5 mm under the action of laser. Under the action of 1 Hz laser, the tissue was ablated quantitatively. The ablation depth will be greatly increased compared with CW laser, and the maximum ablation depth and minimum coagulation depth of skin tissue can be achieved at the same ablation time and laser average power. The main oscillation stage of the system can output a narrow-band CW laser with a central wavelength of 1980.4 nm and a spectral width of 0.05 nm. In the experiment, we measured the transmission of a large-mode field Tb-doped fiber laser amplifier. The maximum output power can reach 78.1 W, when the pump power is 138.8 W and the amplification slope efficiency is 57%.. At the same time, we have also carried out an experimental research on the high power TM * fiber laser cutting the fresh pig kidney at 30 W level. Under the condition of cutting effect, we will increase the cutting speed from 3 mm/s to 5 mm/s, and the width of the tissue solidification. All the data show that the thermal depth of kidney tissue is less than 3 mm and the maximum coagulation depth is about 1 mm. This further verifies the development possibility of 2 micron high power Tb-doped fiber laser in the field of mid-infrared laser medical treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R312;TN24
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