發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-05 10:48

【摘要】：目的： 通過對吉林省2195例城鄉(xiāng)居民糖尿病患病情況及影響因素進(jìn)行分析，描述吉林省部分地區(qū)糖尿病流行特征，對糖尿病的相關(guān)膳食因素、營養(yǎng)因素、行為生活方式等影響因素進(jìn)行探討，促進(jìn)居民合理安排膳食，改善不良生活習(xí)慣，提高生活質(zhì)量，為居民今后在膳食營養(yǎng)、生活行為方式等方面預(yù)防和治療糖尿病提供理論依據(jù)。 方法： 采用多階段分層整群抽樣方法對吉林省城市（吉林省長春市朝陽區(qū)）、農(nóng)村（吉林省遼源市東豐縣）2751例城鄉(xiāng)居民進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測，調(diào)查問卷包括個(gè)人行為特征、膳食情況等；實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測包括晨起空腹血糖測定和餐后2h血糖測定等。 采用統(tǒng)一編制的“吉林省居民營養(yǎng)與健康狀況監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)平臺”進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入；數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS20.0進(jìn)行。采用構(gòu)成比描述調(diào)查對象的一般人口學(xué)特征，率描述不同人群糖尿病患病情況，計(jì)數(shù)資料采用2檢驗(yàn)，采用t檢驗(yàn)或秩和檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行組間比較，P＜0.05具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，正態(tài)分布用χ±s表示，偏態(tài)資料采用中位數(shù)M（P25，P75）表示，單因素和多因素Logistic回歸分析糖尿病影響因素。 結(jié)果： 1.調(diào)查吉林省居民2751人，有效應(yīng)答2195人，其中城市居民1024人（46.7%）、農(nóng)村居民1171人（53.3%）；男性955人（43.5%）、女性1240人（56.5%）；平均年齡47.3±19.0歲，18歲以下272人（12.4%）、18～44歲553人（25.2%）、45～59歲769人（35.0%）、≥60歲年齡組601人（27.4%）。 2.吉林省被調(diào)查居民糖尿病患病率6.7%，城市患病率8.4%，農(nóng)村患病率5.1%，城市顯著高于農(nóng)村（2=4.155，P＝0.042）；男性患病率7.1%，女性患病率6.3%；45~59歲年齡組居民糖尿病患病率（9.5%）高于其他年齡組居民，不同年齡組居民糖尿病患病率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=10.967，P＝0.012）；漢族居民糖尿病患病率6.7%，少數(shù)民族糖尿病患病率為6.0%；大專及以上居民糖尿病患病率（11.8%）高于其他三個(gè)文化程度組，不同文化程度組糖尿病患病率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=17.377，P＝0.001）；生產(chǎn)運(yùn)輸設(shè)備操作人員及有關(guān)人員糖尿病患病率為16.1%，高于其他職業(yè)居民，不同職業(yè)居民糖尿病患病率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=24.879，P＝0.009）；不同收入水平居民糖尿病患病率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=14.946，P＝0.092）。 3.對居民膳食攝入、主要營養(yǎng)素、主要礦物質(zhì)、主要維生素?cái)z入、膳食構(gòu)成情況等因素進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)果顯示：①膳食攝入情況：除植物油和食鹽城鄉(xiāng)間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外，其余攝入食物城鄉(xiāng)間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義；②主要營養(yǎng)素?cái)z入情況：除膽固醇攝入城鄉(xiāng)間差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外，其他主要營養(yǎng)素?cái)z入城鄉(xiāng)間差別均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義；③主要礦物質(zhì)攝入情況：除硒攝入城鄉(xiāng)間差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外，其余礦物質(zhì)攝入城鄉(xiāng)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義；④主要維生素?cái)z入情況：除視黃醇城鄉(xiāng)間攝入無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異，其余均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異；⑤膳食構(gòu)成情況：能量的食物來源除薯類和其他食物外，其余能量的食物來源城鄉(xiāng)間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義；蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪的食物來源城鄉(xiāng)間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 4.吸煙者糖尿病患病率為6.6%，不吸煙者糖尿病患病率為9.1%，不同吸煙行為居民糖尿病患病率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=2.159，P=0.142）；飲酒者糖尿病患病率為7.2%，不飲酒者為8.7%，居民飲酒與否糖尿病患病率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=0.292，P=0.589）；閑暇時(shí)參加體育鍛煉者糖尿病患病率為5.5%，從不參加體育鍛煉者8.0%（2=0.003，P=0.958）；不同出行方式間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=3.26，P=0.515）；超重肥胖者糖尿病患病率最高（10.9%），不同BMI水平間糖尿病患病率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=17.641，，P0.001）。 5.多因素logistic回歸分析：地區(qū)、年齡、文化程度、BMI水平是影響糖尿病的因素。 結(jié)論： 1.吉林省2195例城鄉(xiāng)居民中糖尿病患病率為6.7%，高于2002年全國平均患病率（2.6%）；城市居民糖尿病患病率高于農(nóng)村居民；年齡越大、學(xué)歷越高且不注重飲食及運(yùn)動者患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大。 2.適量攝入谷類、蔬菜、水果、肉類、乳類是膳食相關(guān)因素中糖尿病的保護(hù)因素；過多攝入食鹽、油脂類、高能量飲食是危險(xiǎn)因素；適量攝入含有鎂、錳、銅等礦物質(zhì)的食品或保健品是糖尿病的保護(hù)因素。 3.超重肥胖是糖尿病的危險(xiǎn)因素。
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圖片說明：-2030年糖尿病預(yù)測圖
[Abstract]:Purpose: Through the analysis of the prevalence of diabetes in 2195 urban and rural residents in Jilin province and the influencing factors, this paper describes the prevalence of diabetes in some parts of Jilin province, and probes into the factors such as the relevant dietary factors, nutritional factors, behavior and life style of the diabetes. To help the residents to reasonably arrange the diet, improve the poor living habits, improve the quality of life, and provide the residents with the theory of prevention and treatment of diabetes in the future in the aspects of dietary nutrition and living behavior. It was reported. Methods: The questionnaire and laboratory test of 2751 urban and rural residents in Jilin Province (Chaoyang District, Jilin Province) and the rural (Dongfeng County, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province) were carried out by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The questionnaire included individual behavior characteristics. dietary conditions, etc., laboratory tests included morning fasting blood glucose determination and postprandial 2 h Blood glucose measurement, etc. Data entry is performed using a unified "A Platform for Monitoring the Nutrition and Health of the Residents in Jilin Province"; the data analysis uses the SPS S20.0. According to the general demographic characteristics and rate of the survey objects, the incidence of diabetes in different groups is described. The data of the counting data is 2. The comparison between the groups is performed by t-test or rank and test, P <0.05 is of statistical significance, and the normal score is normal. The median M (P25, P75) expression, single factor and multi-factor logistic regression analysis were used for the bias data. Diabetes The results were as follows:1. Investigate 2751 people in Jilin Province and respond to 2,195 people, including 1024 people (46.7%),1171 (53.3%) of rural residents,955 (43.5%) male and 1 female. 240 (56.5%); mean age 47.3-19.0,272 (12.4%) under 18,553 (25.2%) between 18 and 44,769 (35.0%) in 45-59, and 60-year-old 601 (27.4%).2. The prevalence of diabetes in Jilin Province was 6.7%, the urban rate was 8.4%, the rural rate was 5.1%, the city was significantly higher than that in the countryside (2 = 4.155, P = 0.042), and the male prevalence was 7. The prevalence of diabetes (9.5%) in the 45-59-year-old age group was higher than that in other age groups (2 = 10.967, P = 0.012), and the prevalence of diabetes in the Han population was 6.7% and a few. The prevalence of diabetes in the ethnic group was 6.0%, and the prevalence of diabetes (11.8%) in the college and above was higher than that of the other three groups. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes among the different cultures (2 = 17.377, P = 0.001), and the operation personnel and the related persons of the production and transportation equipment The prevalence of diabetes was 16.1%, which was higher than that of other occupational residents. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes among different occupational groups (2 = 24.879, P = 0.009). There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of diabetes among different income levels (2 = 14). (.946, P = 0.092).3. The dietary intake of the residents, the main nutrients, the main minerals, the main vitamin intake, the dietary composition and other factors were analyzed. The results showed that: There is no statistical significance between the difference between the urban and rural areas of the table salt and the table salt. The difference between the urban and rural consumption of the rest of the food is of statistical significance. The difference between the intake of the main nutrients and the difference between the urban and rural areas except for cholesterol is not significant, and the difference between the intake of other major nutrients and the urban and rural areas is the same. The results of the study are as follows: the difference between the intake of selenium and the intake of selenium in the urban and rural areas is not statistically significant, the difference between the intake of the remaining minerals and the urban and rural areas is of statistical significance, and the intake of main vitamins: there is no statistical difference between the intake of the retinol and the urban and rural areas, and the rest There is a statistical difference; the dietary composition of the food: the food source of the energy, except the potatoes and other foods, is of statistical significance in the difference between the food sources and the urban and rural areas of the rest of the energy; and the food of the protein and the fat 4. The prevalence of diabetes in smokers was 6.6%, the prevalence of non-smokers was 9.1%, and the prevalence of diabetes in different smokers was not statistically significant (2 = 2.159, P = 0.142), and the diabetic patients with drinking wine The prevalence of diabetes in the group was 7.2%, the non-drinkers was 8.7%, the difference of the prevalence of diabetes among the residents was not significant (2 = 0.292, P = 0.589), the prevalence of diabetes in the leisure time was 5.5%, the number of people who did not participate in the physical exercise was 8.0% (2 = 0.003, P = 0.958), and the difference between the different modes of travel was not statistically significant. (2 = 3.26, P = 0.515); The prevalence of diabetes among overweight and obesity patients was the highest (10.9%), and the prevalence of diabetes among the different BMI levels was statistically significant. (2 = 17.641, P0.001).5. Logistic regression analysis of multiple factors: region, age, cultural range Conclusion:1. The prevalence of diabetes in the 2195 urban and rural residents in Jilin province is 6.7%, which is higher than that in 2002 (2.6%); the prevalence of diabetes in urban residents is higher than that of rural residents; the greater the age, the higher the degree of education and the greater the risk of diabetes, the greater the risk of diabetes, a proper amount of cereal, vegetables, fruit, meat, and milk is the protective factor for diabetes in the diet-related factors; and excessive intake of salt Oil and fat, high-energy diet is a risk factor; a proper amount of intake contains A food or health product containing minerals such as magnesium, manganese, and coppe
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R587.1

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