本文選題：核電磁脈沖　切入點(diǎn)：累積輻照　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電磁暴露的人體安全性是一個(gè)日益受到關(guān)注的問題,并由此展開了大量的研究工作。隨著研究的發(fā)展,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)電磁脈沖(EMP)暴露引起的非熱效應(yīng)不容忽視。核電磁脈沖(NEMP)是電磁脈沖的一種。在前期研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),以細(xì)胞增殖作為考查指標(biāo)時(shí),NEMP單次暴露量與即時(shí)生物效應(yīng)之間存在著一定的劑量學(xué)關(guān)系。那么,生物活體是否具有類似的量效關(guān)系?NEMP單次輻照所產(chǎn)生的即時(shí)效應(yīng)是否會(huì)恢復(fù)?在單次輻照不產(chǎn)生即時(shí)效應(yīng)的情況下,周期性多次輻照是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生累積生物效應(yīng)?為了回答這些問題,本文以大鼠肝臟和心臟組織作為研究對象,圍繞著上述問題展開了動(dòng)物水平上的研究,以期為NEMP暴露的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定提供更全面的實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。本文首先研究了不同場強(qiáng)(E分別為110kV/m、140kV/m、297 kV/m和873kV/m)和不同脈沖個(gè)數(shù)(N分別為2、5和100個(gè))的NEMP單次輻照對雄性大鼠肝臟及心臟組織細(xì)胞凋亡的影響,以及隨照后時(shí)間延長的自我修復(fù)情況。其中,采用全自動(dòng)血液分析儀和生化分析儀檢測了大鼠血常規(guī)指標(biāo)和血液中與肝臟和心臟功能相關(guān)的血清生化指標(biāo)(谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶ALT、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶AST)的含量；通過末端轉(zhuǎn)移酶標(biāo)記(Tunel)法標(biāo)記組織凋亡細(xì)胞,從組織形態(tài)上觀察了肝臟與心臟細(xì)胞的凋亡情況；通過酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(Elisa)法檢測了肝臟和心臟組織細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)蛋白(促凋亡蛋白Bax、抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2)在總蛋白TP中的含量水平。實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測了上述各指標(biāo)在單次輻照后6h、1d、3d、7d、10d、15d的變化情況,以獲得細(xì)胞損傷與恢復(fù)的相關(guān)信息。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：隨著輻照劑量的增加,大鼠肝臟和心臟的受損程度增加,在低場強(qiáng)、脈沖個(gè)數(shù)很少(E=110 kV/m,N=2)時(shí),無明顯的即時(shí)效應(yīng)；當(dāng)場強(qiáng)較低(E=110 kV/m、140 kV/m, N=5、100)時(shí),有即時(shí)效應(yīng)且在1 d后恢復(fù)或基本恢復(fù)；當(dāng)場強(qiáng)較高(E=297kV/m、873 kV/m,N=5、100)時(shí),有明顯的即時(shí)效應(yīng)且修復(fù)困難。本文隨后選取了無明顯即時(shí)效應(yīng)(E=110 kV/m, N=2)、有即時(shí)效應(yīng)但已恢復(fù)(E=110 kV/m、N=5、100)、有即時(shí)效應(yīng)但未恢復(fù)(E=297 kV/m, N=5、100)條件下多次累積輻照產(chǎn)生的組織損傷情況。周期性累積輻照時(shí)間分別為7d、14d、21 d和28d,輻照時(shí)間間隔為24h。檢測指標(biāo)與方法不變。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：NEMP周期性暴露對大鼠肝臟和心臟組織細(xì)胞有累積損傷作用,其累積效應(yīng)的總效果與單次輻照的即時(shí)損傷程度以及累積輻照天數(shù)均有關(guān)聯(lián),在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下可以略粗地用線性關(guān)系來表示。
[Abstract]:The human safety of electromagnetic exposure is an issue of increasing concern, and a lot of research work has been carried out. With the development of research, It has been found that the non-thermal effect caused by EMP) exposure can not be ignored. Nuclear electromagnetic pulse NEMPis a kind of electromagnetic pulse. There is a dosimetric relationship between the single exposure of NEMP and the immediate biological effect when cell proliferation is used as an index. So is there a similar dose-effect relationship in living organisms? Will the immediate effect of single NEMP irradiation recover? If a single irradiation does not produce an immediate effect, will periodic multiple exposures produce cumulative biological effects? In order to answer these questions, we studied the liver and heart tissues of rats at the animal level. In order to provide a more comprehensive experimental basis for the formulation of safety standards for NEMP exposure, this paper first studied the effects of single irradiation of NEMP with different field intensities (E = 110 kV / m ~ (-1) = 140 kV / m ~ (97) and 873 kV / m ~ (-1) and N = 2 ~ 5 and N ~ (100) respectively) on male size. The effect of apoptosis in liver and heart of mice, And self-healing over time. The blood routine indexes and serum biochemical indexes related to liver and heart function in rats were measured by automatic blood analyzer and biochemical analyzer. The apoptotic cells of liver and heart were observed by terminal transferase labeling with Tunel method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect the content of apoptosis-related protein (apoptosis-promoting protein Bax-2) in liver and heart tissues in total protein TP. After 6 hours, the change of 1d ~ 3d ~ 7d ~ 7d ~ (10) d ~ (10) ~ (th) ~ (15) d, The results showed that the damage degree of liver and heart increased with the increase of irradiation dose, and there was no obvious immediate effect at low field intensity and few pulses. There was an immediate effect on the spot and recovered or basically recovered after 1 day, while the higher one was 297kV / mr-1 (873 KV / mNV / MN / N5 / 100) on the spot. There is obvious immediate effect and repair difficulty. Subsequently, we select the tissue damage caused by multiple cumulative irradiation under the condition of no obvious immediate effect (110 KV / mHN = 2), which has immediate effect but has recovered 110kV / mHN 5100, and which has immediate effect but does not recover EO297kV / mHN ~ (5100) (n = 10). The results of this paper are as follows: (1) in this paper, we select the tissue damage caused by multiple accumulative irradiation under the condition of no obvious immediate effect and no obvious real time effect. The results showed that the accumulative irradiation time was 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, respectively, and the interval of irradiation time was 24 hours. The detection indexes and methods were not changed. The experimental results showed that the periodic exposure of 1: NEMP had cumulative damage effect on rat liver and heart tissue cells. The total effect of cumulative effect is correlated with the degree of immediate damage and the number of days of cumulative irradiation, which can be expressed by linear relation in this experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R594.8

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