【摘要】：經(jīng)絡(luò)理論是中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論的核心內(nèi)容之一,兩千多年來一直有效地指導(dǎo)著中醫(yī)臨床實踐。而對于經(jīng)絡(luò)實質(zhì)的探索在上世紀(jì)五六十年代才剛剛起步,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者利用各種現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)從生物物理、解剖、組織、生化等多領(lǐng)域和角度圍繞經(jīng)絡(luò)開展了大量研究工作,以期揭示經(jīng)絡(luò)實質(zhì),實現(xiàn)經(jīng)絡(luò)的客觀顯示。以張維波教授等為代表的體液派研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)絡(luò)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是有利于組織液流動的間質(zhì)組織。基于生物流體力學(xué)原理,張教授通過一系列實驗驗證了經(jīng)絡(luò)是一種具有低流阻性質(zhì)的組織液通道。從經(jīng)絡(luò)運行組織液的特性出發(fā),通過向組織液通道內(nèi)注射具有示蹤功能的液體可以嘗試對經(jīng)絡(luò)進行顯示,并可以研究其所在的解剖學(xué)位置。古典經(jīng)絡(luò)理論認為經(jīng)絡(luò)有“行血氣,營陰陽,決死生,處百病”的作用,也就是說人體和動物的生命活動都是在經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的控制和調(diào)節(jié)下進行的。而且大量針灸學(xué)和生物物理學(xué)研究也已證實經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)在人體和動物體上普遍存在。長期以來,在針灸經(jīng)絡(luò)的實驗研究中所使用的模式生物大多集中于大鼠、小鼠、家兔等哺乳動物,對于與人類親緣關(guān)系較遠的魚類在理論上也應(yīng)有經(jīng)絡(luò)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)的存在,但魚類在經(jīng)絡(luò)研究中則較少使用。我們觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),某些種系的魚,如彩裙魚、玻璃燕魚身體半透明,呈側(cè)扁型,具有良好的透光性,對注入其體內(nèi)的有色示蹤染料有良好的顯示效果,以利于觀察。因此,本研究嘗試使用彩裙魚和玻璃燕魚作為實驗動物,通過向其體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染料進行示蹤的方法,圍繞透明魚體內(nèi)是否存在類經(jīng)脈結(jié)構(gòu)進行初步研究。實驗一:彩裙魚體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染液的側(cè)面和橫切面觀察目的:通過向彩裙魚體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染液,觀察染液在彩裙魚體內(nèi)遷移后的分布情況,進而探索透明魚體內(nèi)是否存在類經(jīng)脈結(jié)構(gòu);方法:分別將45條彩裙魚用三卡因溶液麻醉后,使用微量注射泵在脊柱中點或背鰭下緣緩慢注射25μl濃度為0.1%的阿爾新藍染液,待染液充分遷移后麻醉處死彩裙魚,用數(shù)碼相機和體視顯微鏡在魚體側(cè)面拍照觀察染液的分布;用包埋劑包埋魚體,凍結(jié)后沿魚體橫切面(即垂直于頭-尾軸)將魚體切成厚度為1mm的切片,拍照觀察染液在魚體橫切面的分布。結(jié)果:通過觀察總結(jié)彩裙魚側(cè)面整體照片發(fā)現(xiàn),染液遷移后出現(xiàn)七條明顯的縱行的藍色線狀結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)其分布位置分別將其命名為背中線、腹中線、背側(cè)線、側(cè)中線和三條腹側(cè)線。此外,還出現(xiàn)部分較短的橫向分支結(jié)構(gòu)。對其切片后觀察橫切面,發(fā)現(xiàn)線狀結(jié)構(gòu)大多位于背中隔、腹中隔、肌隔、水平隔膜等疏松結(jié)締組織處,與古典經(jīng)絡(luò)理論中人體經(jīng)脈的循行位置“分肉之間”相似。結(jié)論:彩裙魚體內(nèi)存在類經(jīng)脈結(jié)構(gòu),透明魚的使用可能為經(jīng)絡(luò)的示蹤研究提供更方便的動物模型。實驗二:彩裙魚體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染液的動態(tài)遷移觀察目的:通過向彩裙魚體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染液,觀察總結(jié)染液在彩裙魚體內(nèi)的動態(tài)遷移規(guī)律;方法:分別將36條彩裙魚進行與實驗一中相同的麻醉和注射方法,在注射過程中將數(shù)碼相機固定于魚體正上方錄像觀察染液的注射和動態(tài)遷移過程,根據(jù)動態(tài)錄像分別計算比較染液在背部上方和側(cè)面正中遷移的長度和速度;結(jié)果:在背部上方染液和側(cè)面正中染液大多沿頭尾方向縱向遷移。統(tǒng)計分析發(fā)現(xiàn),染液在背部上方向頭部和向尾部方向的遷移在長度分別為11.30±6.63mm和7.23±4.12mm,遷移速度分別為 2.85±1.62mm/s 和 1.80±0.97mm/s,有極顯著性差異(P0.01),在出現(xiàn)側(cè)面正中的遷移中,由注射點向尾部的單向遷移占68.7%,由注射點向頭部單向遷移占9.4%,由注射點附近向頭尾的雙向遷移占21.9%;結(jié)論:彩裙魚背部上方和側(cè)面正中可能存在固有的定向組織液流動,這種定向流動與經(jīng)脈氣血運行具有方向性的特點相似。實驗三玻璃燕魚體內(nèi)不同流阻點注射阿爾新藍染液的遷移研究目的:在玻璃燕魚體內(nèi)測定低流阻點或高流阻點后注射阿爾新藍染液,觀察比較染液的遷移特點;方法:玻璃燕魚10條,隨機分為低流阻點組和高流阻點組,每組5條分別麻醉后,使用連續(xù)流阻儀在玻璃燕魚體內(nèi)測定低流阻點或高流阻點,用微量注射泵在低流阻點或高流阻點緩慢注射濃度為0.1%阿爾新藍染液20μl,待染液充分遷移后麻醉處死玻璃燕魚,使用數(shù)碼相機在魚體側(cè)面拍照觀察染液的遷移特點;結(jié)果:在低流阻點組玻璃燕魚體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染液后,有4條出現(xiàn)了較長距離的線狀遷移;在高流阻點組玻璃燕魚體內(nèi)注射阿爾新藍染液后染液多在注射點附近局部擴散,有1條出現(xiàn)了較長距離的線狀遷移;結(jié)論:染液在低流阻點注射后更容易出現(xiàn)長距離線狀遷移的特點初步證明了低流阻通道的流體約束性。
[Abstract]:The theory of meridians and collaterals is one of the core contents of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been effectively guiding the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. A great deal of research work has been done on collaterals in order to reveal the essence of the meridians and realize the objective display of the meridians and collaterals. According to the characteristics of tissue fluid in meridians and collaterals, it is possible to show the meridians and collaterals by injecting tracer liquid into the tissue fluid channel, and to study the anatomical location of the channel. That is to say, the life activities of human and animals are controlled and regulated by the meridian system, and a large number of acupuncture and biophysical studies have confirmed that the meridian system is widespread in human and animals. Rabbits and other mammals should also have collaterals or similar structures in theory for fish that are distantly related to humans, but fish are seldom used in the study of meridians and collaterals. Therefore, this study tried to use colored skirt fish and glass swallow as experimental animals, by injecting alxin blue dye into the body of transparent fish to trace the existence of meridian-like structure. Experiment 1: Alxin was injected into the body of colored skirt fish. OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of Alcian blue dye solution in colored skirt fish by injecting Alcian blue dye solution into the body of colored skirt fish, and to explore whether there is meridian-like structure in transparent fish. The colored skirt fish were anaesthetized and killed after the dye solution was fully migrated. The distribution of dye solution was observed by digital camera and stereomicroscope on the side of the fish body. Result: Seven distinct blue linear structures were observed and summarized on the whole side of the fish. According to their distribution positions, they were named dorsal midline, ventral midline, dorsal midline, lateral midline and three ventral lines. Observing the transverse section, we found that most of the linear structures were located in the loose connective tissues such as dorsal septum, abdominal septum, muscular septum and horizontal septum, which were similar to the position of meridians in classical meridian theory. OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic migration of Alxin blue dye solution by injecting Alxin blue dye solution into the coloured skirt fish, and to observe and summarize the dynamic migration of the dye solution in the coloured skirt fish. The length and speed of dye migration in the middle of the upper back and the side were calculated and compared according to the dynamic video recording. Results: The dye migration in the middle of the upper back and the side was mostly longitudinal along the head and tail direction. Statistical analysis showed that the length of migration of dye solution from upper back to head and tail was 11.30 6.63 mm and 7.23 65507 The unidirectional migration of the shooting point to the head was 9.4%, and the bidirectional migration from the injection point to the head and tail was 21.9%. OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the migration characteristics of blue dye solution by injecting Alcian blue dye solution after measuring low flow resistance point or high flow resistance point in glassy swallow. At the blocking point or high current blocking point, the glass swallow was anaesthetized and killed with 0.1% Alcian blue dye at the low or high current blocking point by a microinjection pump. The migration characteristics of the dye were observed by photographing the side of the fish with a digital camera. There were four long-distance linear migration after injection of Alcian blue dye in the high flow resistance group, and one of them had long-distance linear migration after injection of Alcian blue dye in the high flow resistance group. The fluid constraint of flow resistance channels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國中醫(yī)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R224

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