【摘要】：人類胎盤是一個妊娠期的臨時器官,對胎兒發(fā)育和正常妊娠的維持起重要作用。妊娠期間,胎盤在母體和胎兒間建立溝通的橋梁,為胎兒提供營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),進行氣體交換和廢物清除,并建立免疫耐受環(huán)境,保障半異體胎兒不被母體排斥;胎盤還可作為妊娠期重要的內(nèi)分泌器官,協(xié)調(diào)胎兒發(fā)育及母體多器官的妊娠適應性應答。胎盤發(fā)育不良往往導致胎兒生長異常及多種妊娠并發(fā)癥,嚴重情況下可導致胎兒死亡。文章闡述了生理狀況下人類胎盤的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,描述了因胎兒生長受限(FGR)、子癇前期(PE)、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)等造成胎兒死亡的胎盤病理特征,進而展望通過靶向胎盤干預妊娠期疾病的可能前景。
[Abstract]:Human placenta is a temporary organ of pregnancy, which plays an important role in fetal development and the maintenance of normal pregnancy. During pregnancy, the placenta establishes a bridge between mother and fetus to provide nutrition, gas exchange and waste removal for fetus, and establish immune tolerance environment to protect semi-allogenic fetus from maternal rejection. Placenta can also act as an important endocrine organ in pregnancy and coordinate fetal development and maternal multiple organ pregnancy adaptive response. Placental dysplasia often leads to abnormal fetal growth and multiple pregnancy complications, which can lead to fetal death in severe cases. This paper describes the structure and function of human placenta under physiological conditions and describes the placental pathological characteristics of fetal death caused by fetal growth restriction (FGR),) preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and so on. The possible prospect of intervention of gestational diseases by targeting placenta is also prospected.
【作者單位】： 中國科學院動物研究所干細胞與生殖生物學國家重點實驗室;
【分類號】：R714.5

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