【摘要】：第一部分妊娠期高糖飲食對子代腦發(fā)育及學(xué)習(xí)記憶的影響 目的：妊娠期高糖飲食不利于胎兒及子代的正常生長和器官發(fā)育，并可能引起一定的功能改變。本實(shí)驗(yàn)著眼于研究妊娠期高糖飲食對子代腦發(fā)育的影響，并進(jìn)一步探究其子代腦功能，如學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力是否改變。 方法：采用本實(shí)驗(yàn)室已建立成熟的妊娠期高糖飲食模型，將懷孕母鼠隨機(jī)分為妊娠期高糖飲食組（高糖組，HS）和正常飲食組（對照組，C）。高糖組母鼠妊娠期全程（第1-21天）給予20%蔗糖水和正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飼料，對照組母鼠妊娠期全程給予正常飼料和淡水。出生后子代鼠均給予標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化飼料和淡水。監(jiān)測孕鼠在妊娠期的飲水飲食及體重變化；于妊娠第21天檢測孕鼠空腹血糖、羊水含糖量及胎鼠血糖，子代大鼠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化飼養(yǎng)，檢測1月齡及2月齡大鼠空腹血糖；分別稱量胎鼠、1月齡及2月齡子代鼠的體重、腦重，并計(jì)算腦/體重比值；采用Morris水迷宮實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測1月齡及2月齡子代大鼠的空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力。 結(jié)果：高糖組母鼠在妊娠期的飲水飲食及體重增長與對照組相比均無明顯差異；妊娠第21天，高糖組孕鼠的空腹血糖顯著高于對照組，羊水含糖量在兩組間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異，高糖組胎鼠、1月齡及2月齡子代鼠的空腹血糖均顯著高于對照組；高糖組2月齡子代鼠腦重顯著下降，胎鼠、1月齡及2月齡子代鼠的腦/體重比值均顯著低于對照組，而體重均顯著升高；Morris水迷宮訓(xùn)練結(jié)果顯示，暴露于妊娠期高糖飲食的子代大鼠在定位航行實(shí)驗(yàn)中需要更長的時間和游更長的距離才能找到平臺，兩組大鼠在空間搜索實(shí)驗(yàn)中的穿越平臺次數(shù)及目標(biāo)象限停留時間均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 結(jié)論：妊娠期高糖飲食對胎兒及子代的生長和腦發(fā)育具有一定影響，該影響在子代中可表現(xiàn)為學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力的下降。 第二部分妊娠期高糖飲食對子代海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡的影響及其可能的機(jī)制 目的：通過組織學(xué)及分子生物學(xué)手段，研究妊娠期高糖飲食對子代海馬腦區(qū)神經(jīng)元凋亡的影響，并進(jìn)一步探究其可能的機(jī)制。 方法：妊娠期高糖飲食模型的建立同第一部分；取2月齡子代大鼠的新鮮腦組織進(jìn)行冰凍切片，采用一步法TUNEL染色檢測兩組大鼠海馬腦區(qū)（CA1，CA2，CA3）的細(xì)胞凋亡，，并于熒光顯微鏡下記錄兩組切片陽性染色細(xì)胞數(shù)；以Westernblotting法檢測兩組2月齡子代大鼠海馬組織內(nèi)凋亡相關(guān)蛋白（IGF-1，PI3K，Akt，p-Akt，caspase-3，Bcl-2，NR2B）的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果：組織學(xué)染色結(jié)果顯示，與對照組相比，高糖組2月齡子代大鼠海馬CA1，CA2，CA3區(qū)域的TUNEL染色陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)均顯著增加；Western blotting結(jié)果顯示，高糖組2月齡子代鼠海馬組織內(nèi)的IGF-1，PI3K和p-Akt的蛋白表達(dá)量均顯著低于對照組，而caspase-3和NR2B的蛋白表達(dá)量均顯著高于對照組，Bcl-2和Akt的蛋白表達(dá)量在兩組間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 結(jié)論：妊娠期高糖飲食可引起子代的海馬神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞凋亡增加，海馬組織中IGF-1/PI3K/Akt抗凋亡信號通路蛋白表達(dá)的改變可能在該影響中起著重要作用。
[Abstract]:Effects of high sugar diet on brain development and learning and memory of offspring in the first part of pregnancy Objective: High sugar diet during pregnancy is not conducive to normal growth and organ development of fetus and offspring, and may cause some functions. This experiment aims to study the effect of high sugar diet on the development of children's brain, and further explore its offspring's brain function, such as learning and memory ability. Methods: The pregnant female rats were randomly divided into high sugar diet group (high sugar group, HS) and normal diet group (P <0.05). In the whole course of pregnancy (Days 1-21), 20% sucrose water and normal standard feed were given during pregnancy (day 1-21). Feed and fresh water. Children born after birth are standardized Feed and fresh water. Monitor the drinking water diet and weight changes of pregnant rats during pregnancy; detect fasting blood glucose, amniotic fluid flow rate and fetal blood sugar in pregnant rats on Day 21 of gestation, standardized feeding of offspring rats, and detect the age of 1 month and 2 months old. Fasting blood glucose in rats; weighing fetal rats, 1-month and 2-month-old children's body weight, brain weight, and calculating brain/ body weight ratio; using Morris water maze test to detect the spatial learning of children in 1 month and 2 months of age Results: Compared with the control group, the fasting blood glucose of the pregnant rats of the high sugar group was significantly higher than that of the control group. There was no statistical difference among the groups, and the fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in children with high sugar group, 1-month and 2-month-old. The brain/ body weight ratio of fetal rats, fetal rats, 1-month-old and 2-month-old children was significantly lower than that in control group. Body weight increased significantly; Morris water maze training showed that children exposed to high sugar diet in pregnancy needed longer time and longer swim in the positioning navigation experiment The distance can be found for the platform, and the number of crossing platforms and the target quadrant of the two groups of rats in the space search experiment are stopped. Conclusion: High sugar diet during pregnancy has a certain effect on the growth and brain development of fetus and offspring, which can be seen in offspring. The second part of pregnancy high sugar diet is the offspring's hippocampus. Objective: To study the effect of high sugar diet on neurons in hippocampus of children by histological and molecular biological methods. Methods: The establishment of the high sugar diet model in pregnancy was the same as that of the first part; the fresh brain tissue of the 2-month-old offspring rat was frozen section, and the two groups of rat hippocampus were detected by one-step staining method. The apoptosis of the brain regions (CA1, CA2, CA3) and the number of positive staining cells were recorded under the fluorescence microscope. The apoptosis-related proteins (IGF-1, PAF, Akt, p-Akt, casp) in the hippocampus of two groups of 2-month-old children were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the control group, the number of TUNEL staining positive cells in CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus CA1, CA2 and CA3 of the rats with high sugar group increased significantly compared with the control group, and the Western blotting result The expression levels of IGF-1, p27 and p-Akt in hippocampus were significantly lower than that in control group, and the expression levels of caspase-3 and NR2B were significantly higher than those in control group. There was no statistical difference between the expression of l-2 and Akt in the two groups. Conclusion: High sugar diet in pregnancy can cause apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in offspring and IGF-1/ Thr/ Akt in hippocampus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R714;Q42

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