本文選題：古丁 + 子代��； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：第一部分孕期尼古丁對(duì)大鼠子代腦發(fā)育的影響 1.1目的：研究孕期母鼠暴露于尼古丁對(duì)胎鼠及成年子代腦發(fā)育的影響。 1.2方法：將妊娠母鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和尼古丁組，每組16只；兩組分別于妊娠第四天（GD4）,4%水合氯醛麻醉后，于大鼠頸背部置入微量緩釋泵。尼古丁組置入每天以6mg/kg速度釋放尼古丁的微量緩釋泵,對(duì)照組置入裝有生理鹽水的微量緩釋泵。兩組各取8只孕鼠，在GD21時(shí)用4%水合氯醛麻醉，取出胎鼠稱量體重后，暴露胸腔心臟穿刺收集胎鼠血液，然后斷頭取腦，稱量大腦重量。使用血?dú)夥治鰞x檢測(cè)胎鼠血?dú)庵笜?biāo)及電解質(zhì)水平；用滲透壓儀檢測(cè)血漿滲透壓。兩組剩余孕鼠自然分娩，，子代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化飼養(yǎng)至成年（五個(gè)月），用4%水合氯醛麻醉，稱量其體重；腹主動(dòng)脈取血后斷頭取腦，稱量大腦重量。用血?dú)夥治鰞x檢測(cè)成年子代血?dú)庵笜?biāo)及電解質(zhì)水平；用滲透壓儀檢測(cè)血漿滲透壓。 1.3結(jié)果：尼古丁組GD21胎鼠的體重及大腦重量與對(duì)照組相比顯著下降（P＜0.05）；尼古丁組胎鼠血液中血氧分壓、血氧飽和度明顯降低（P＜0.05），血二氧化碳分壓、血紅蛋白含量明顯升高（P＜0.05）,血漿滲透壓、血鈉水平、血鉀水平?jīng)]有顯著差異（P＞0.05）。檢測(cè)尼古丁組成年子代大鼠上述指標(biāo)與對(duì)照組相比沒有顯著差異（P＞0.05）。結(jié)論：孕期尼古丁暴露對(duì)GD21胎鼠腦發(fā)育及血?dú)庵笜?biāo)產(chǎn)生了一定影響。 第二部分孕期尼古丁對(duì)大鼠成年子代學(xué)習(xí)記憶的影響 2.1目的：研究孕期尼古丁對(duì)大鼠成年子代學(xué)習(xí)記憶的影響及其機(jī)制。 2.2方法：將妊娠母鼠隨機(jī)分成對(duì)照組和尼古丁組，建模方法同第一部分。兩組大鼠自然分娩后，子代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化飼養(yǎng)至成年（五個(gè)月）用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。1)用Morris水迷宮方法，觀察對(duì)照組、尼古丁組的大鼠成年子代學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力；2)用Real-Time PCR方法檢測(cè)兩組大鼠成年子代海馬腦區(qū)N-甲基-D-天門冬氨酸受體的1型亞基（NR1）、α7型煙堿型乙酰膽堿受體（α7nAChR）基因的表達(dá)；3）使用Western blot方法檢測(cè)其成年子代大鼠海馬腦區(qū)NR1、α7nAChR、毒蕈堿受體（M）蛋白的表達(dá)。 2.3結(jié)果：1）尼古丁組成年子代的學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力與對(duì)照組相比顯著下降（P＜0.05）；2)尼古丁組成年子代大鼠海馬腦區(qū)NR1基因表達(dá)與對(duì)照組相比明顯升高（P＜0.05），α7nAChR基因表達(dá)與對(duì)照組相比無(wú)明顯差異（P＞0.05）；3）尼古丁組成年子代大鼠海馬腦區(qū)NR1蛋白表達(dá)與對(duì)照組相比明顯升高（P＜0.05），α7nAChR蛋白表達(dá)與對(duì)照組相比明顯下降（P＜0.05）； M1、M3、M5受體蛋白表達(dá)與對(duì)照組相比無(wú)明顯差異（P＞0.05）。結(jié)論:孕期尼古丁組大鼠成年子代學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力與對(duì)照組相比顯著下降；且尼古丁組成年子代大鼠海馬腦區(qū)NR1基因和蛋白的表達(dá)量顯著升高；α7nACh受體基因表達(dá)無(wú)明顯差異，α7nACh受體蛋白表達(dá)顯著下降； M1、M3、M5受體蛋白表達(dá)與對(duì)照組相比無(wú)顯著差異，提示孕期尼古丁暴露可能導(dǎo)致大鼠成年子代海馬區(qū)NMDA受體和膽堿能相關(guān)受體基因和蛋白的表達(dá)發(fā)生改變并與成年子代學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力受損有一定相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The effect of nicotine on the development of rat offspring during pregnancy

Objective : To study the effects of exposure of pregnant female rats on the development of fetal and adult offspring .

1.2 Methods : Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into control group and nicotine group , 16 rats in each group ;
A micro - sustained - release pump was placed on the back of the rat ' s neck after the fourth day of gestation ( GD4 ) and 4 % water chloral hydrate .
The osmotic pressure of plasma was measured by osmotic pressure instrument . Two groups of residual pregnant rats were given natural labor , and the offspring was standardized to feed to adult ( five months ) .
Blood gas analyzer was used to measure the blood gas index and electrolyte level of adult offspring .
The osmotic pressure of plasma was measured by osmotic pressure instrument .

1.3 Results : Body weight and brain weight of GD21 fetal mice were significantly lower than those in control group ( P < 0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference in blood oxygen partial pressure , blood oxygen saturation ( P < 0 . 05 ) , plasma osmotic pressure , serum sodium level and potassium level in the blood of rats with nicotine group ( P < 0 . 05 ) .

Effect of second part of pregnancy nicotine on learning and memory of adult offspring in rats

Objective : To study the effect of nicotine on learning and memory of adult offspring in rats and its mechanism .

2.2 Methods : The pregnant female rats were randomly divided into control group and nicotine group , the modeling method was the same as that of the first part . After natural labor in the two groups of rats , the filial generation standardized feeding to adult ( five months ) was used in the experiment . 1 ) The learning and memory ability of adult offspring in the control group and nicotine group was observed by Morris water maze method .
2 ) The expression of N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor type 1 subunit ( NR1 ) and 偽7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( 偽7nCR ) gene was detected by Real - Time PCR ( Real - Time PCR ) .
3 ) Western blot was used to detect the expression of NR1 , 偽7nCR , muscarinic receptor ( M ) protein in the hippocampus of adult offspring rats .

2 . Results : 1 ) The learning and memory ability of nicotine group decreased significantly compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) .
2 ) Compared with the control group , the expression of NR1 gene in the hippocampus of the rat hippocampus was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) .
3 ) Compared with the control group , the expression of NR1 protein in the hippocampus of the rat hippocampus was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between the expression of M1 , M3 and M5 receptor protein compared with the control group ( P > 0.05 ) .
and the expression quantity of NR1 gene and protein in the hippocampus brain region of the rat hippocampus in the composition year of nicotine is obviously increased ;
There was no significant difference in the expression of 偽7nach receptor gene , and the expression of 偽7nach receptor protein decreased significantly .
There was no significant difference between the expression of M1 , M3 and M5 receptor protein compared with the control group , suggesting that the exposure of nicotine in pregnancy could lead to a change in the expression of NMDA receptor and cholinergic receptor gene and protein in the hippocampus of the adult offspring of rats and to be related to the impairment of the learning and memory ability of the adult offspring .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R714.7

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