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超聲檢測胎兒髖關節(jié)及脾臟的方法和應用

發(fā)布時間:2018-04-10 16:02

  本文選題:超聲檢查 + 產(chǎn)前; 參考:《福建醫(yī)科大學》2014年碩士論文


【摘要】:目的評估超聲測量胎兒髖關節(jié)的可行性,建立國人胎兒髖關節(jié)發(fā)育的正常值參考范圍,評估胎兒髖關節(jié)發(fā)育的影響因素及其臨床意義。 方法采用Bland-Altman分析引產(chǎn)的20例胎兒宮內(nèi)和引產(chǎn)后宮外超聲測量髂骨長徑(R),骨性髖臼凹長徑(r),股骨頭直徑(D),α角,β角,股骨頭覆蓋率(morin ratio,MR)的一致性。選取480例21~40孕周單胎胎兒,在Graf’s法髖關節(jié)標準冠狀斷面上測量各項值并計算正常值范圍,分析各項值與孕周(GA)的關系。隨機選擇30例胎兒,分析測量值的一致性采用組內(nèi)相關系數(shù)(ICC)分析觀察者內(nèi)及觀察者間的可重復性。選擇同期連續(xù)48例脊柱及骨骼系統(tǒng)畸形、羊水異常的胎兒,分析脊柱及骨骼畸形、羊水、性別、胎位與胎兒髖關節(jié)發(fā)育的相關性。 結果引產(chǎn)胎兒宮內(nèi)與宮外測量的一致性信度高,,觀察者內(nèi)及觀察者間可重復性良好(組內(nèi)相關系數(shù)分別是:R0.97、0.90;r0.98、0.91;D0.94、0.92;α0.93、0.88;β0.96、0.89;MR0.95、0.87)。髂骨長徑、骨性髖臼凹長徑、股骨頭直徑隨孕周的增加而增大,最適二次回歸方程分別為:髂骨長徑(cm)=-2.445+0.227GA-0.002GA2;骨性髖臼凹長徑(cm)=-0.881+0.079GA;股骨頭直徑(cm)=-1.571+0.132GA-0.001GA2;α角(°)=85.791-1.222GA+0.016GA2;β角(°)=31.991+0.021GA+0.008GA2;MR(%)=79.173-0.706GA+0.003GA2(P均<0.05)。其中Graf I型(α角≥60°):420例,Graf IIa型(50°≤α<60°):60例;β角>55°:29例,β≤55°:451例。畸形組、不同羊水組與正常組胎兒之間及不同性別、胎位的胎兒之間各測量項值的差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P均>0.05)。 結論高分辨力超聲能夠清楚地顯示和評估胎兒髖關節(jié)發(fā)育情況。 目的探討二維和三維超聲測量胎兒脾臟大小的方法并建立國人正常參考值范圍,選擇最佳的評估指標以發(fā)現(xiàn)脾臟異常并評估其臨床意義。 方法分析20例胎兒宮內(nèi)、宮外超聲測量脾臟長徑、厚度、周長、面積、體積的一致性。隨機選擇30例胎兒,分析宮內(nèi)測量各項值的重復性。選取388例18~38孕周正常單胎胎兒,測量各項值并計算正常值范圍,采用回歸分析評估各測量項與孕周(GA)的關系,以此正常值范圍篩查脾腫大。 結果宮內(nèi)、宮外超聲測量脾臟各項值的一致性較好,宮內(nèi)測量可重復性良好(ICC:0.866~0.974),其中體積測量的可信度最高。各測量項隨孕周的增加而增大,回歸方程分別為:長徑(cm)=-0.344+0.091GA+0.091GA2;厚度(cm)=-0.755+0.092GA;周長(cm)=-1.756+0.323GA+0.002GA2;面積(cm2)=2.86-0.312GA+0.012GA2;體積(cm3)=8.155-0.789GA+0.024GA2(P均<0.001)。同期共檢出6胎脾臟增大及1胎脾囊腫。 結論超聲能清楚地顯示和測量胎兒脾臟。脾臟體積是評估其大小的最適指標。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasonic measurement of fetal hip joint, to establish the normal reference range of Chinese fetal hip joint development, and to evaluate the influencing factors of fetal hip joint development and its clinical significance.Methods Bland-Altman was used to analyze the consistency of intrauterine and extrauterine ultrasonography in 20 fetuses with intrauterine and postnatal intrauterine ultrasound measurements of iliac bone long diameter, bone acetabular fovea long diameter, femoral head diameter, 偽 angle, 尾 angle, femoral head coverage rate and morin ratiostomy.Four hundred and eighty fetuses of 21 and 40 gestational weeks were selected to measure and calculate the normal range of values on the standard coronal section of hip joint with Graf's method, and to analyze the relationship between the values and the gestational age.Thirty fetuses were randomly selected. The consistency of the measured values was analyzed by ICC- (intra-group correlation coefficient) to analyze the repeatability within and between observers.The relationship between spinal and skeletal malformation, amniotic fluid malformation, amniotic fluid, sex, fetal position and the development of fetal hip joint was analyzed.Results the consistent reliability of intrauterine and extrauterine measurements of induced labor was high, and the reproducibility of intraobserver and interobserver measurements was good (the intragroup correlation coefficients were: 1 / R 0.97 ~ 0.90 ~ 0.90 ~ 0.90g / r 0.91 / d 0.94 ~ 0.92; 偽 0.93n = 0.88; 尾 0.96 ~ 0.89 / M = 0.950.87).楂傞闀垮緞,楠ㄦ

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