基于性染色體定量檢測的伴性遺傳病無創(chuàng)性產(chǎn)前篩查方法的構(gòu)建
發(fā)布時間:2018-04-03 22:21
本文選題:游離胎兒DNA 切入點:無創(chuàng)性產(chǎn)前診斷 出處:《第三軍醫(yī)大學》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著社會的迅速發(fā)展及醫(yī)療水平的不斷提高,感染性疾病已經(jīng)得到了有效的控制,遺傳性疾病逐漸成為造成嬰兒疾患的主要原因。目前,研究者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)300多種伴性遺傳病,如血友病、色盲和腎性糖尿病等。伴性遺傳病不僅影響患者的生活質(zhì)量,而且給社會造成了極大的負擔。早期識別胎兒性別可以提前預測伴性遺傳病的發(fā)生情況,達到對伴性遺傳病進行產(chǎn)前診斷的目的,這無疑對患者家庭及社會具有非常重要的意義。 目前,國內(nèi)各大醫(yī)院已經(jīng)將產(chǎn)前診斷(prenatal diagnosis,PD)作為胎兒出生前的必檢項目,診斷方法主要有絨膜絨毛取樣、羊膜穿刺術(shù)、經(jīng)皮臍血抽樣、胎兒活組織檢查及超聲波診斷等。但是上述診斷方法存在諸多不足之處,如容易導致孕婦流產(chǎn)和感染,敏感度與準確性低等。 近年來,孕婦血漿遺傳物質(zhì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)為伴性遺傳病的無創(chuàng)性產(chǎn)前診斷提供了新的思路。隨著對母體血漿中胎兒遺傳物質(zhì)研究的不斷深入,進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)孕婦血漿中存在著游離胎兒DNA (cell-free fetal DNA,cffDNA)。CffDNA在無創(chuàng)性產(chǎn)前診斷方面具有很多優(yōu)勢,但是其在母體外周血中含量很少,對檢測方法的靈敏度要求較高。盡管如此,目前研究者借助現(xiàn)有的分子學診斷技術(shù)對cffDNA進行了檢測分析,已經(jīng)成功用于胎兒的RhD血型分析、妊娠相關(guān)疾病及染色體疾病的篩查。 此外,隨著新技術(shù)新方法的不斷發(fā)展,靈敏度更高、重復性更好的一些生物學技術(shù)也在不斷被研發(fā)出來,基于MGB-TaqMan探針的實時熒光定量PCR就是近年來在普通的TaqMan探針基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一項新技術(shù),其具有熒光本底低、分辨率更高、雜交特異性更強、重現(xiàn)性好、探針長度縮短等優(yōu)點,更適合上述游離胎兒DNA這樣的低豐度DNA的檢測。 目的: 本文擬構(gòu)建一種MGB-TaqMan探針實時熒光定量PCR技術(shù)方法,對母體血漿胎兒游離DNA進行檢測分析,,并將其用于胎兒性別早期識別與伴性遺傳病的無創(chuàng)性產(chǎn)前篩查。 方法: 1.合成X、Y染色體特異性的引物和探針;對引物、探針濃度及PCR的退火溫度等反應條件進行優(yōu)化,構(gòu)建識別胎兒性別的實時熒光定量PCR檢測技術(shù);并且利用1例女性和1例男性的臨床標本對篩選的最佳PCR反應條件進行驗證。 2.通過男性與女性基因組DNA標準品不同比例的混合,模擬孕婦血漿游離胎兒DNA低豐度的情況;根據(jù)不同比例的混合DNA模板對構(gòu)建的熒光定量PCR方法的靈敏度、準確性等指標進行評價。 3.隨機選取門診50例孕周為16-20周的孕婦標本及體檢的20例健康未孕的女性標本,利用其對構(gòu)建方法的臨床檢測能力進行驗證與評估。 結(jié)果: 1.實時熒光定量PCR (Real-time PCR)確定的最優(yōu)反應條件為:引物濃度為0.4M,探針濃度為0.1M,退火溫度為60℃。 2.靈敏度檢測結(jié)果顯示能夠檢測到Y(jié)染色體的母體DNA模板量下限是50pg。母體DNA模板量在0.5-50ng之間時,Y染色體最低檢測豐度為1%,相當于胎兒DNA豐度為2%;當母體DNA模板量在0.05-0.5ng之間時,染色體最低檢測豐度為2-4%,相當于胎兒DNA豐度為4-8%。無母體DNA時,Y染色體模板量下限為0.5pg。 3.血漿游離DNA的定量檢測中,健康未孕女性的血漿DNA濃度值最高為1.75ng/mL,最低為0.50ng/mL,平均值為1.13ng/mL;妊娠女性的血漿DNA濃度值最高為6.50ng/mL,最低為0.25ng/mL,平均值為3.38ng/mL。妊娠女性比正常女性的濃度均值高2.25ng/mL,具有顯著的統(tǒng)計學差異(P0.05)。 4.在49例進行胎兒性別定性檢測的妊娠女性中,初次實驗,在未考慮母體血漿DNA模板起始用量時,結(jié)果為17例男性,32例女性,與胎兒出生后性別不完全一致;但加大DNA模板起始用量后(50pg),結(jié)果為23例男性,26例女性,準確率為100%。 結(jié)論: 1.本文成功構(gòu)建一種用于母體血漿胎兒游離DNA分析的MGB-TaqMan實時熒光定量PCR技術(shù)方法,可以通過對胎兒性別進行早期識別,為伴性遺傳病的無創(chuàng)性產(chǎn)前篩查提供有價值的參考。 2.通過對不同比例的男性與女性基因組DNA標準品進行混合,成功模擬了孕婦血漿中的游離胎兒DNA的低豐度情況。 3.本研究構(gòu)建的用于母體血漿胎兒游離DNA分析的實時熒光定量PCR技術(shù)方法具有較高的靈敏度。能夠檢測到Y(jié)染色體的母體DNA模板量下限是50pg。當母體DNA模板量大于50pg時,Y染色體DNA檢測的靈敏度可以達到1%,即胎兒DNA豐度為2%。無母體DNA時,Y染色體模板量下限為0.5pg。 4.本研究構(gòu)建的用于母體血漿胎兒游離DNA分析的實時熒光定量PCR技術(shù)方法鑒別胎兒性別的準確率為100%。標本定量檢測中妊娠女性的血漿DNA含量明顯高于正常女性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and the improvement of health level, infectious diseases have been effectively controlled, genetic disease has become the main cause of infant disease. At present, researchers have found that 300 kinds of sex linked genetic diseases, such as hemophilia, blindness and kidney of diabetes. Sex linked genetic disease not only affects patients the quality of life, but also to society caused great burden. Early identification of fetal sex partners can predict the occurrence of genetic diseases in advance to prenatal diagnosis of sex linked genetic disease, it is very important to the patient's family and society.
At present, the domestic large hospitals have prenatal diagnosis (prenatal diagnosis PD) as the fetus before birth must be detected, diagnosis methods mainly include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, fetal biopsy and ultrasonic diagnosis. But there are many deficiencies of the diagnosis methods, such as easily lead to pregnant women abortion and infection, sensitivity and low accuracy.
In recent years, genetic material found in plasma of pregnant women with genetic diseases of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis provides a new way of thinking. With the study of fetal genetic material in maternal plasma deepening further revealed the existence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma (cell-free fetal DNA, cffDNA.CffDNA) has many advantages in the noninvasive diagnosis but in the prenatal, maternal peripheral blood content rarely, sensitivity of detection method has higher requirement. In spite of this, the researchers used molecular current diagnostic techniques were tested on cffDNA, has been successfully used in the analysis of fetal RhD blood type, screening and disease related chromosomal disease in pregnancy.
In addition, with the continuous development of new technology and new method, higher sensitivity, better repetition of some biological technology is being developed, a new technique of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR MGB-TaqMan probe is in recent years based on the common TaqMan probe is developed based on the fluorescence background with low resolution hybrid high, more specific, reproducible, the advantages of the probe length shorter, more suitable for the detection of fetal DNA in low abundance like DNA.
Objective:
In this paper, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technique based on MGB-TaqMan probe was developed to detect and analyze fetal free DNA in maternal plasma, and it was used for noninvasive prenatal screening of fetal sex early and sex linked genetic diseases.
Method錛
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