本文關(guān)鍵詞： 供精人工授精 倫理困境 倫理原則 解決途徑　出處：《天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：供精人工授精(Artificial Insemination Using Semen From Donor)簡(jiǎn)稱AID,也稱異質(zhì)人工授精、非配偶人工授精,專指用丈夫以外的第三人的精子進(jìn)行人工授精(包括體內(nèi)和體外),使女性懷孕的非自然生殖技術(shù)。與夫精人工授精相比,其最大的區(qū)別在于精子的提供者不是接受人工授精女性的丈夫,而是丈夫以外的其他人。這種生殖方式直接改變了傳統(tǒng)的家庭觀念和親子觀念。因此,如何直面供精人工授精技術(shù)引導(dǎo)的倫理問題,成為我們這個(gè)時(shí)代無法回避的重要現(xiàn)實(shí)問題�，F(xiàn)代人類輔助生殖技術(shù)特別是供精人工授精技術(shù)在幫助人類解決生育問題時(shí),一方面契合了中國傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中“多子多�！薄⒆⒅匮売H情的傳統(tǒng)幸福觀,另一方面又引發(fā)了一系列道德難題,諸如亂倫的道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、人倫關(guān)系的紊亂和模糊、AID子女道德地位的如何確定等問題,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)婚姻家庭觀帶來巨大倫理挑戰(zhàn),影響著人們?cè)从谏男腋８惺芰��；诖?我們應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循不傷害原則、仁愛原則、公益原則等原則來對(duì)供精人工受精技術(shù)進(jìn)行道德規(guī)約,使供精人工授精技術(shù)真正造福于人類。 據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)評(píng)估,每7對(duì)夫婦中約有1對(duì)夫婦存在生殖障礙。我國近期調(diào)查,國內(nèi)不孕癥者占已婚夫婦人數(shù)的10%,比1984年調(diào)查的4.8%增加一倍多,發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì)。隨著冷凍生物學(xué)及生殖醫(yī)學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展,人類精子庫的建立極大地幫助了那些由于患少、弱以及無精子癥而不能正常生育后代的男性。由于我國傳宗接代的觀念根深蒂固,這個(gè)思想嚴(yán)重影響著每個(gè)家庭,盼子心切便是每個(gè)已婚家庭所面臨的首要問題,受這種大風(fēng)向的影響,不孕不育夫婦所要面臨著諸多困境,來自于家庭乃至社會(huì)所帶來的壓力。隨著人類輔助生殖技術(shù)的發(fā)展和臨床應(yīng)用,在很大程度上能夠幫助人類解決生育問題,避免因無法生育帶來的社會(huì)問題。但是人類輔助生殖技術(shù)在幫助人類解決現(xiàn)實(shí)的生育問題的同時(shí),也引發(fā)了諸多倫理沖突和道德爭(zhēng)議。特別是供精人工授精技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的婚姻家庭觀帶來了顛覆性的影響。
[Abstract]:Artificial Insemination Using Semen From donor, also known as heterogeneous artificial insemination, non-spouse artificial insemination, Artificial insemination (in vivo and in vitro) using sperm of a third person, other than the husband, is an unnatural reproductive technique that makes a woman pregnant. The biggest difference is that the sperm provider is not the husband of a woman who accepts artificial insemination, but someone other than her husband. How to face up to the ethical problems of artificial insemination with sperm supply technology has become an important practical problem that cannot be avoided in our times. Modern assisted reproductive technology, especially artificial insemination technology for sperm supply, is helping human beings to solve fertility problems. On the one hand, it coincides with the traditional view of happiness in traditional Chinese society of "having more children and more happiness" and pays more attention to blood and kinship. On the other hand, it also leads to a series of moral problems, such as the moral hazard of incest. The disorder of human relations and how to determine the moral status of the children of AID bring great ethical challenges to the traditional view of marriage and family, and affect people's sense of happiness derived from fertility. Based on this, we should follow the principle of no harm. The principle of benevolence and the principle of commonweal are used to regulate the technology of artificial insemination, so that the technology of artificial insemination can benefit mankind. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about one in seven couples has reproductive disabilities. According to a recent survey in China, infertility accounts for 10 of the married couples, more than double the 4.8% in the 1984 survey. Morbidity is on the rise. With the rapid development of cryobiology and reproductive medicine, the establishment of human sperm banks has greatly helped those with fewer diseases. Weak and azoospermic men who are unable to give birth to normal offspring. Because of the deep-rooted concept of lineage in our country, this idea seriously affects every family, and longing for children is the primary problem facing every married family. Under the influence of this great wind, infertile couples have to face many difficulties, which come from the pressure of family and society. With the development of human assisted reproductive technology and clinical application, To a large extent, it can help humans to solve fertility problems and avoid social problems caused by infertility. But human assisted reproductive technology can help humans solve real fertility problems at the same time. It also leads to many ethical conflicts and moral controversies, especially the subversive influence of artificial insemination technology on the traditional view of marriage and family.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R714.8;R-052

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