自閉癥譜系障礙（Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD）是常見的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育失調(diào)導(dǎo)致的廣泛性發(fā)展障礙。一般于兒童期（3歲以前）發(fā)病,以社交障礙、溝通能力缺陷以及重復(fù)刻板動(dòng)作為主要臨床特征。流行病學(xué)研究報(bào)道ASD發(fā)病率約為6/1000到10/1000,且近年發(fā)病率有上升趨勢(shì)。目前我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)ASD發(fā)病率尚無大規(guī)模流行病學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,但根據(jù)目前其他國(guó)家的發(fā)病率,保守估計(jì)中國(guó)目前至少有100萬ASD患者。目前認(rèn)為,ASD是環(huán)境因素與遺傳易感性共同作用的結(jié)果。而宮內(nèi)環(huán)境是最重要的環(huán)境因素之一,因此自閉癥亦被稱為“胎源性疾病”。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)胚胎發(fā)育早期,即受精后20至40天的器官形成期為自閉癥發(fā)病的易感期。如果在此期間胚胎受藥物、重金屬或母體不良狀況等宮內(nèi)環(huán)境因素的影響,胚胎未來發(fā)生自閉癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著升高。Ras/Raf/ERKl/2 （extracellular signal-regulated kinase）信號(hào)通路是絲裂原活化蛋白激酶家族（mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs）成員,對(duì)神經(jīng)前體細(xì)胞的生成、神經(jīng)脊的形成和發(fā)育、突觸信號(hào)傳遞... 

【文章來源】：南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)廣東省

【文章頁數(shù)】：152 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【部分圖文】：

大腦皮質(zhì)及小腦組織中RAS蛋白表達(dá)水平Figurel一1RelativeexPressionsofRASProteininhumaneortexandeerebellum

活性顯著高于對(duì)照，我們推測(cè)磷酸化MEKI/2蛋白含量亦相應(yīng)升高。認(rèn)飛 Stemblot結(jié)果顯示，自閉癥患兒大腦皮質(zhì)磷酸化/活化的MEKI/2蛋白含量比對(duì)照增加19.63%(t=一6.315，p<0.001，圖1一5)，而MEKI/2總蛋白含量無顯著變化(t=1.590， p=0.143)。使用磷酸化MEKI/2抗體進(jìn)行的免疫組化染色的結(jié)果與 Westemblot結(jié)果吻合，自閉癥患兒大腦皮質(zhì)陽性神經(jīng)元數(shù)量顯著多于對(duì)照(t=5.320， P<0.001，圖1一6)。此外，我們還檢測(cè)了自閉癥患兒小腦組織中MEKI/2總蛋白和磷酸化蛋白的含量，但與對(duì)照組相比無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.os)。

魯COmlOI戶目dsmCO日份.】A功i弓m圖1一5大腦皮質(zhì)中p一MEK及MEK蛋白表達(dá)水平Figurel一 5RelativeexPressionsofP一 MEKandMEKinhumaneortex戶漪二鷺尹_一.尹、一萬一類~擴(kuò)蠢嘛分;嘿夢(mèng)象，-爭(zhēng)哪戳孰蜂繆筍之敏謬礴AutismControl humaneortexP一MEK60P<O00140UO工切的勻﹂dXnU，‘閏一一忿一口奮月習(xí)AUtismContFOI圖1一6使用p一MEK抗體進(jìn)行免疫組化染色結(jié)果(10x40)Figurel一 6ImmunostainingusingP一 MEKantibody(10X40)l6

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