云南省感染性腹瀉流行現狀及四種病原分子流行病學研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-05-23 10:11
【摘要】:[目的]1.分析云南省2013~2015年其他感染性腹瀉的流行特征;2.了解昆明地區(qū)5歲以下兒童病毒性腹瀉中輪狀病毒(RV)、諾如病毒(NoV)、扎如病毒(SaV)、腺病毒(AdV)和星狀病毒(AstV)的感染狀況及流行病學特征,為疾病的防治、疫苗的研制和生產提供信息;3.了解該地區(qū)杯狀病毒(HuC V)的分子流行病學特征,明確諾如病毒(NoV)和扎如病毒(SaV)在當地的流行型別,為昆明地區(qū)病毒性腹瀉的防治提供參考。[方法]1.用描述流行病學方法,對2013~2015年云南省“其他感染性腹瀉”的疫情資料進行流行病學分析。采用Excel和SPSS 22.0軟件進行統計分析;2.以云南省第一人民醫(yī)院和昆明市兒童醫(yī)院為腹瀉監(jiān)測哨點醫(yī)院。2014年6月至2015年7月,開展5歲以下兒童腹瀉病例監(jiān)測。采集5歲以下腹瀉患兒的糞便標本,同時收集其人口學資料及流行病學資料。采集的腹瀉糞便標本制備成10%的便懸液-20℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆。用酶聯免疫方?ELISA)檢測輪狀病毒(RV), ELISA陽性者進一步用RT-PCR方法進行輪狀病毒(RV)的G/P分型;用PCR方法檢測檢測腸道腺病毒(AdV);采用RT-PCR方法對杯狀病毒(HuCV)和星狀病毒(AstV)進行檢測;選取諾如病毒(NoV)和扎如病毒(SaV)的部分陽性擴增產物進行核酸序列測定。所有腹瀉病毒引物序列均由國家病毒病所提供。數據的計數資料采用χ2檢驗或校正χ2檢驗,檢驗水準a=0.05;測定的序列使用NCBI的BLAST工具比對驗證,確定目標病毒。將已測定的測序結果與病毒參考序列輸入到MEGA5.1軟件中,進行病毒序列的多重比對并構建病毒進化樹。建樹模型采用Neighbour-j oining(鄰接法),置信度檢驗統計方法使用Bootstrap,檢驗次數設置為1000。參考株序列來自于GenBank數據庫。[結果]1.2013-2015年云南省共報告其他感染性腹瀉病冽50480例,年均發(fā)病率為35.90/10萬;0-和1~歲年齡組占發(fā)病總數的60.83%,病例以散居兒童為主;病例集中分布于11~12月份;確診病例數占報告發(fā)病總數的54.50%,其中2013~2015年各年度確診病例數分別占報告發(fā)病總數的47.01%、56.27%和59.48%。2.2014~2015年,監(jiān)測醫(yī)院共報告腹瀉例638例,5歲以下兒童334例,納入病例數為321例,排除13例,采集糞便標本321份。321份標本中,陽性標本98份,陽性率為30.53%(98/321)。在98份陽性標本中,輪狀病毒(RV)62份(占19.31%)、人類杯狀病毒(HuCV) 29份(占9.03%)、星狀病毒AstV1份(占0.31%)、腺病毒AdV 0份、混合感染6份(占1.87%),混合感染中輪狀病毒和諾如病毒雙重感染5例,輪狀病毒和星狀病毒雙重感染1例;3.本研究中病毒性腹瀉呈四季散發(fā),其發(fā)病高峰集中在10-1月份,以寒冷季節(jié)為主;性別分布上,輪狀病毒(RV)和人類杯狀病毒(HuCV)感染性別間發(fā)病率差異均無統計學意義;月齡分布上,輪狀病毒(RV)和人類杯狀病毒(HuCV)感染主要以24月嬰幼兒為主;4.62份輪狀病毒(RV) ELISA陽性標本中,G血清型與P基因型分別以G9、P[8]型為優(yōu)勢株:34份人類杯狀病毒(HuCV)陽性標本中以諾如病毒(NoV)為主,占94.12%(32/34),其中絕大多數為GⅡ型(31/32,96.88%),僅1株為GI型;扎如病毒(SaV)共2株,占5.88%(2/34),分別為GI型和GⅡ型。[結論]1.云南省2013~2015年其他感染性腹瀉發(fā)病率以2015年最高,流行集中分布在冬季;1歲及以下的嬰幼兒為其高危人群,應重點監(jiān)測。2.昆明地區(qū)病毒性腹瀉仍以秋冬季節(jié)為主,發(fā)病無性別差異,24月嬰幼兒為發(fā)病易感人群,應加強監(jiān)測;3.輪狀病毒(RV)是其他感染性腹瀉主要病原體,流行型別為G9P[8]型,目前的疫苗可預防其發(fā);其次為人類杯狀病毒(HuCV),而星狀病毒(AstV)和腺病毒(AdV)感染仍呈現散發(fā)流行;4.人類杯狀病毒(HuCV)是昆明地區(qū)5歲以下兒童病毒性腹瀉中僅次于輪狀病毒(RV)的重要病原體,GII.4/Sydney2012株是其流行優(yōu)勢株,目前未發(fā)現有公共衛(wèi)生意義的變異。諾如病毒(NoV)作為RNA病毒,極易發(fā)生變異,新變異株的出現常是新一輪諾如病毒活躍期的預警,應繼續(xù)加強對人類杯狀病毒(HuCV)(尤其是NoV)的病原學監(jiān)測,從而有效控制由人類杯狀病毒(HuCV)(尤其是NoV)引起的感染性腹瀉。
[Abstract]:[Objective] 1. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015; To understand the infection and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (RV), NoV (NoV), Zas (SaV), adenovirus (AdV) and star-like virus (AstV) in children under the age of 5 in Kunming, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the development and production of the vaccine. 3. To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the regional cup virus (HuC V), it is clear that the epidemic type of NoV and SaV in the local area is a reference for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in Kunming. [Method] 1. The epidemiological analysis of the epidemic data of the "Other infectious diarrhea" in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015 was carried out by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS 22.0 software. The first People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Children's Hospital of Kunming are the monitoring sentinel hospitals for diarrhea. From June 2014 to July 2015, the monitoring of children's diarrhea cases under the age of 5 years is carried out. The stool specimens of children under 5 years of age were collected and their demographic data and epidemiological data were collected. The collected stool specimen for diarrhea was prepared as a 10% suspension-20 鈩,
本文編號:2483815
[Abstract]:[Objective] 1. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015; To understand the infection and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (RV), NoV (NoV), Zas (SaV), adenovirus (AdV) and star-like virus (AstV) in children under the age of 5 in Kunming, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the development and production of the vaccine. 3. To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the regional cup virus (HuC V), it is clear that the epidemic type of NoV and SaV in the local area is a reference for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in Kunming. [Method] 1. The epidemiological analysis of the epidemic data of the "Other infectious diarrhea" in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015 was carried out by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS 22.0 software. The first People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Children's Hospital of Kunming are the monitoring sentinel hospitals for diarrhea. From June 2014 to July 2015, the monitoring of children's diarrhea cases under the age of 5 years is carried out. The stool specimens of children under 5 years of age were collected and their demographic data and epidemiological data were collected. The collected stool specimen for diarrhea was prepared as a 10% suspension-20 鈩,
本文編號:2483815
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