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30例兒童隱球菌性腦膜炎臨床分析

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-02-14 20:28
【摘要】:目的 探討兒童隱球菌性腦膜炎的臨床特點(diǎn)及治療方法,以提高對(duì)兒童隱球菌性腦膜炎的認(rèn)識(shí),為其診斷、治療提供依據(jù)。 方法 對(duì)重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬兒童醫(yī)院2001年12月-2011年12月收治住院的30例診斷明確的隱球菌性腦膜炎患兒的臨床資料進(jìn)行回顧性分析,包括一般資料、臨床表現(xiàn)、主要輔助檢查、治療情況、預(yù)后等。應(yīng)用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分率表示,計(jì)量資料用平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,使用秩和檢驗(yàn)及卡方檢驗(yàn),以P小于0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)果 1.一般資料:男21例(70.00%),女9例(30.00%),平均年齡7.25±3.75歲,其中3歲及3歲以下4例(13.33%),3-6歲10例(33.33%),6-9歲5例(16.67%),9歲-12歲6例(20.00%),12歲-15歲5例(16.67%),11例有易感因素或基礎(chǔ)疾病。 2.臨床表現(xiàn):30例患兒中發(fā)熱29例(96.67%),嘔吐26例(86.67%),頭痛23例(76.67%),意識(shí)障礙11例(36.67%),抽搐8例(26.67%),頸項(xiàng)強(qiáng)直22例(73.33%)。5例表現(xiàn)為急性起病,15例亞急性起病,10例慢性起病。 3.輔助檢查: (1)一般檢查:30例行腦脊液檢查,蛋白質(zhì)22例(73.33%)升高,其中13例≥1.0g/L;16例(53.33%)葡萄糖降低;3例氯化物降低。16例頭顱CT中11例異常。14例頭顱MRI,13例異常。15例腦電圖中14例異常,多表現(xiàn)為慢波增多。 (2)病原學(xué)檢查:30例患兒中27例(90.00%)墨汁染色陽(yáng)性,23例(76.67%)培養(yǎng)陽(yáng)性,10例兩性霉素B藥敏試驗(yàn)3例(30.00%)耐藥,9例氟康唑藥敏試驗(yàn)8例(88.89%)耐藥。 4.治療情況:22例抗真菌治療>7天,其中2例單獨(dú)用1種藥物治療(1例氟康唑,1例兩性霉素B),20例予兩性霉素B(或鋒克松),聯(lián)合氟康唑(14例)、氟胞嘧啶(3例)或伊曲康唑(3例)治療。2007-2011組在兩性霉素B或鋒克松總劑量、平均公斤用藥量(mg/Kg)、療程明顯高于2001-2006組(P<0.05)。 5.預(yù)后:22例接受抗真菌治療>7天的患兒中治愈2例,好轉(zhuǎn)15例,無(wú)效5例,總有效率77.27%,兩性霉素B(或鋒克松)與氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑或伊曲康唑聯(lián)用三組卡方檢驗(yàn)無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 6.誤診情況:入院前誤診率76.67%,其中17.39%誤診為結(jié)核性腦膜炎。 結(jié)論 兒童隱球菌性腦膜炎多亞急性或慢性起病,好發(fā)于學(xué)齡前及學(xué)齡期兒童,多無(wú)基礎(chǔ)疾病或易感因素,,多數(shù)免疫功能正常,且男性多見。常見的臨床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、頭痛、嘔吐和頸項(xiàng)強(qiáng)直。腦脊液檢查多表現(xiàn)為蛋白質(zhì)明顯增高、葡萄糖降低、氯化物在正常范圍內(nèi)。墨汁染色涂片聯(lián)合真菌培養(yǎng)陽(yáng)性率高,為診斷CM的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。兩性霉素B(或鋒克松)為治療兒童CM的主要抗真菌藥物,其與氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑或伊曲康唑的聯(lián)合治療方案在療效上無(wú)顯著差異。近5年CM治療較前困難,原因可能是隱球菌對(duì)氟康唑耐藥現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,且對(duì)兩性霉素B也有耐藥株產(chǎn)生。兒童CM易被誤診為結(jié)核性腦膜炎,對(duì)于考慮結(jié)核性腦膜炎但抗癆效果不好時(shí),需警惕有無(wú)CM的可能。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in children, so as to improve the understanding of cryptococcal meningitis in children and provide evidence for its diagnosis and treatment. Methods the clinical data of 30 hospitalized children with cryptococcal meningitis from December 2001 to December 2011 in Children's Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, including general data and clinical manifestations. Main auxiliary examination, treatment, prognosis and so on. The statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS19.0 software. The counting data were expressed as percentage, the mean 鹵standard deviation was used to measure the data, and the rank sum test and chi-square test were used, P < 0. 05 had statistical significance. Result 1. General data: there were 21 males (70.00%) and 9 females (30.00%), with an average age of 7.25 鹵3.75 years, including 4 cases (13.33%) aged 3 and below, 10 cases (33.33%) aged 3-6 years. There were 5 cases (16.67%) aged 6-9 years, 6 cases (20.00%) aged 9-12 years, 5 cases (16.67%) aged 12-15 years old, 11 cases having predisposing factors or underlying diseases. 2. The clinical manifestations included fever in 29 cases (96.67%), vomiting in 26 cases (86.67%), headache in 23 cases (76.67%), disturbance of consciousness in 11 cases (36.67%), convulsion in 8 cases (26.67%). Cervical ankylosis occurred in 22 cases (73.33%), including acute onset in 5 cases, subacute onset in 15 cases and chronic onset in 10 cases. 3. Adjuvant examination: (1) General examination: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was performed in 30 cases, protein was increased in 22 cases (73.33%), and glucose decreased in 16 cases (53.33%) in 13 cases (鈮

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