【摘要】：哮喘、肺炎、過敏性鼻炎等呼吸道疾病嚴(yán)重影響著兒童身心健康，室內(nèi)環(huán)境作為一種環(huán)境因素對其的影響不應(yīng)忽略。本文采用橫斷面問卷調(diào)查的方式對哈爾濱市的兒童進(jìn)行隨機(jī)調(diào)查，收集關(guān)于兒童呼吸、過敏疾病和室內(nèi)暴露因素的現(xiàn)況信息，建立用于進(jìn)一步分析的數(shù)據(jù)庫。用流行病學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的研究理論和方法統(tǒng)計(jì)分析這些呼吸性及過敏性疾病的流行趨勢，分析室內(nèi)環(huán)境暴露因素對這些疾病的影響。 本文對所研究的某些疾病進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分布趨勢分析，采用卡方檢驗(yàn)對不同情況下的疾病患病率進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示：哮喘的患病率為3.1%，肺炎為28.7%，哮鳴、食物過敏、濕疹、耳炎等疾病的患病率比較高，濕疹、哮鳴等疾病隨著年齡的增長有明顯的降低趨勢。卡方檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示：哮鳴在男女性中的患病率有顯著性的差異（卡方檢驗(yàn)P值：0.000），濕疹（卡方檢驗(yàn)P值：0.001）、哮喘（卡方檢驗(yàn)P值：0.011）等疾病在男女性中的患病率也有顯著性差異。肺炎（卡方檢驗(yàn)P值為0.003）和哮吼（卡方檢驗(yàn)P值：0.018）在城市和郊區(qū)的患病率也有顯著性差異。 本文采用logistic回歸計(jì)算原始OR值和調(diào)整后OR值對室內(nèi)暴露因素和兒童呼吸、過敏性疾病的影響關(guān)聯(lián)性進(jìn)行分析。通過單因素分析，，得到如下結(jié)論：室內(nèi)的潮濕指標(biāo)和所研究的疾病之間有比較強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)性，住宅內(nèi)有發(fā)霉現(xiàn)象增大哮喘患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（OR值：2.583,95%置信區(qū)間：1.391-4.797），對過敏性鼻炎也是一種危險(xiǎn)因素（OR值：3.819,95%置信區(qū)間：1.944-7.488）。家庭吸煙對疾病的影響不是很顯著。對性別、年齡、母乳喂養(yǎng)持續(xù)時(shí)間、家庭成員等混雜因素進(jìn)行調(diào)整，分析結(jié)果顯示：室內(nèi)有明顯的發(fā)霉現(xiàn)象是過敏性鼻炎的危險(xiǎn)暴露（調(diào)整后OR值：3.534,95%置信區(qū)間：1.750-7.110），家庭成員吸煙與哮喘、肺炎等疾病之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性不顯著，被子受潮對大多數(shù)所研究疾病是危險(xiǎn)性因素，而曬被子對這些疾病有一定的保護(hù)性作用。但是，以上的關(guān)聯(lián)性分析結(jié)果是否受到病例對照研究中的偏倚的干擾并不能確定。
[Abstract]:Asthma, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis and other respiratory diseases seriously affect the physical and mental health of children, indoor environment as an environmental factor should not be ignored. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on children in Harbin to collect information on respiratory, allergic diseases and indoor exposure factors, and to establish a database for further analysis. The epidemiological and statistical research theories and methods were used to analyze the prevalence trend of these respiratory and allergic diseases and the effects of indoor environmental exposure factors on these diseases. In this paper, the distribution trend of some diseases studied was analyzed in detail, and the difference of the prevalence of diseases in different conditions was analyzed by chi-square test. The statistical results showed that the prevalence of asthma was 3.1 and pneumonia was 28.7, wheezing, food allergy, eczema, ear inflammation and other diseases were relatively high, eczema, wheezing and other diseases with the increase of age has an obvious trend of decline. The results of chi-square test showed that there were significant differences in prevalence of wheezing between men and women (P: 0.000), eczema (Chi-square test P: 0.001), asthma (Chi-square test P: 0.011) and other diseases. There is also a significant difference. The prevalence of pneumonia (P = 0.003) and wheezing (P = 0.018) were also significantly different between urban and suburban areas. Logistic regression was used to calculate the original OR value and adjusted OR value to analyze the relationship between indoor exposure factors and respiratory and allergic diseases in children. By univariate analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: there is a strong correlation between the indoor humidity index and the diseases studied. The occurrence of mildew increased the risk of asthma (OR: 2.58395% confidence interval: 1.391-4.797), which was also a risk factor for allergic rhinitis (OR: 3.81995% confidence interval: 1.944-7.488). The effect of home smoking on disease is not significant. Adjust for gender, age, duration of breastfeeding, family members, etc. The results showed that the obvious mildew in the room was the risk of allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 3.53495% confidence interval: 1.750-7.110), and the association between smoking and asthma, pneumonia and other diseases was not significant. The damp of quilts is a risk factor for most of the diseases studied, but sunning has a protective effect on these diseases. However, it is not certain whether the above correlation analysis results were interfered with by bias in the case-control study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R725.6

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2142531