本文選題：工頻電磁場 + 小學生�。� 參考：《武漢科技大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的工頻電磁場已經(jīng)被國際癌癥研究所(IARC)歸類為人類可疑致癌物（2B類）。目前，人類生活環(huán)境中的輻射背景值是相對較低的，但是這種相對低的環(huán)境背景值的工頻電磁場是否會對兒童血清免疫指標和氧化應激指標產(chǎn)生影響仍存在爭議。本研究通過某地500kV超高壓輸變電線廊附近小學實地檢測，了解輸變電線廊附近學校的工頻電磁場暴露水平，探討工頻電磁場對小學生某些健康指標的影響，為今后開展同類研究提供本底資料。 方法在500kV超高壓輸變電線廊附近的小學選取4-6年級學生共456名作為暴露組，在距高壓線10公里外沒有典型輻射源區(qū)域隨機選取另一小學4-6年級學生272名作為對照組。檢測并對比兩組小學生所在學校典型位置的電磁場強度及每名學生的淋巴細胞計數(shù)、血清免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM水平、溶菌酶含量和血清中3個重要的氧化應激指標：總抗氧化物（T-AOC）、丙二醛（MDA）水平、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）；以及四個血常規(guī)指標（白細胞WBC,紅細胞RBC,血小板PLT,血紅蛋白HGB）水平。 結果兩所學校工頻電磁場強度現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測結果：暴露組21個監(jiān)測點的工頻電場強度范圍為522-3930mV/m，對照組30個監(jiān)測點的工頻電場強度范圍為16-2919mV/m；暴露組的工頻磁感應強度范圍為171.5-357.8nT，對照組的工頻磁感應強度范圍為9.95-72.08nT，所測值均低于國際輻射保護協(xié)會規(guī)定的工頻電場限值4kV/m和磁場限值100μT。經(jīng)過兩獨立樣本的非參數(shù)檢驗，暴露組的工頻電磁場強度高于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.001）。暴露組和對照組免疫功能相關指標檢查結果顯示：暴露組血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM水平均低于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.01)；兩組小學生血液淋巴細胞數(shù)目和唾液溶菌酶含量的差異沒有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)。兩組小學生之間的氧化應激指標進行比較，結果顯示暴露組總抗氧化物含量顯著高于對照組(P0.05)，但兩組小學生的血清SOD和MDA含量均無統(tǒng)計學差異(P0.05)。血常規(guī)指標檢查結果：暴露組小學生血紅蛋白HGB顯著高于對照組(P0.05)。多元回歸結果顯示以上差異與工頻電磁場暴露具有統(tǒng)計學關聯(lián)。 結論暴露組小學生所在學校距離500kV高壓輸變電線94m，暴露組工頻磁場暴露強度明顯高于對照組，且暴露組所在小學工頻磁場暴露最高強度接近流行病學資料證實的可引起兒童健康效應的限值0.4μT。暴露組小學生淋巴細胞數(shù)目增加，而IgG、IgM水平降低，提示工頻電磁場可能對小學生的免疫功能有一定的影響作用。暴露組血清的總抗氧化物T-AOC水平比對照組要高，差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。提示工頻電磁場使小學生體內(nèi)的總抗氧化物指標T-AOC升高。而對MDA和SOD等指標無影響。暴露組小學生血紅蛋白HGB水平高于對照組（P0.05），提示工頻電磁場的暴露可能使小學生血紅蛋白水平升高。本研究屬于橫斷面調(diào)查，為病因假設提供了可能線索，，要確證暴露與健康效應之間關聯(lián)，尚需進一步大樣本人群流行病學的研究，如隊列研究等，同時結合細胞、動物實驗進行工頻電磁輻射作用機制的探討。
[Abstract]:Objective power frequency electromagnetic field has been classified as a suspected human carcinogen (class 2B) by the International Institute of cancer research (IARC). At present, the background value of radiation in human living environment is relatively low, but whether the frequency electromagnetic field of the relatively low environmental background value still has a dispute on the influence of the serum immune index and oxidative stress index in children. This study, through a field test in a primary school near the 500kV ultra high pressure transmission line corridor, understands the exposure level of the power frequency electromagnetic field near the transmission line corridor, and discusses the influence of the frequency electromagnetic field on some health indicators of the primary school students, and provides the background information for the future research.
Methods a total of 456 students were selected as exposure group at grade 4-6 in the primary school of 500kV ultra high pressure transmission line corridor, and 272 students of another primary school 4-6 were randomly selected at 10 km away from the high pressure line. The intensity of electromagnetic field and each school in the typical school position of the two primary school students were measured and compared. Lymphocyte count, serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgM levels, lysozyme content and 3 important oxidative stress indicators in serum: total antioxidant (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and four blood routine indicators (leukocyte WBC, erythrocyte RBC, platelet PLT, hemoglobin HGB).
Results the field frequency field intensity monitoring results in two schools: the intensity range of power frequency electric field of 21 monitoring points in the exposed group is 522-3930mV/m, and the intensity range of power frequency electric field of 30 monitoring points in the control group is 16-2919mV/m; the frequency magnetic induction intensity range of the exposed group is 171.5-357.8nT, and the frequency magnetic induction intensity range of the control group is 9.95-72. 08nT, the measured values were lower than the limited value 4kV/m of the industrial frequency electric field and the 100 u T. of the magnetic field. The intensity of the power frequency electromagnetic field in the exposed group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.001). The examination results of the immune function related indexes of the exposed and control groups showed that the exposure group was exposed. The level of serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgM was lower than that of the control group (P0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of blood lymphocytes and the content of saliva lysozyme in the two groups of pupils (P0.05). The ratio of oxidative stress between the two groups of pupils was compared, and the results showed that the total antioxidant content in the exposed group was significantly higher. In the control group (P0.05), there was no significant difference in serum SOD and MDA levels between the two groups of primary school pupils (P0.05). The results of blood routine index examination were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05) in the exposed group. The results of multiple regression showed that the above difference was statistically related to the exposure of the power frequency electromagnetic field.
Conclusion the exposure group of primary school pupils was located at the distance of 500kV high voltage transmission line 94m, the exposure intensity of exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the maximum intensity of the exposure group was close to the epidemiological data which was close to the epidemiological data. The number of children's lymphocytes increased in the 0.4 u T. exposure group. The level of IgG and IgM decreased, suggesting that the power frequency electromagnetic field may have a certain influence on the immune function of primary school students. The level of total antioxidant T-AOC in the serum of the exposed group is higher than that of the control group, and the difference has statistical significance (P0.05). It suggests that the frequency electromagnetic field can increase the total antioxidant index T-AOC in the primary school students. And the indexes of MDA and SOD are used. The level of hemoglobin HGB in the exposure group was higher than that of the control group (P0.05), suggesting that exposure to frequency electromagnetic fields may increase the hemoglobin level of primary school students. This study belongs to a cross-sectional study, which provides a possible clue to the hypothesis of etiological hypothesis. It is necessary to confirm the association between exposure and health effects, and further large sample population epidemiology is needed. Such as cohort study, and combining with cell and animal experiments to explore the mechanism of electromagnetic radiation induced by power frequency.
【學位授予單位】：武漢科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R725.9

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