本文選題：初中生 + 父母教養(yǎng)方式�。� 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的通過對寧波市鄞州區(qū)初中生的調查,研究父母教養(yǎng)方式、應對方式和初中生焦慮的現(xiàn)況以及他們之間的相互關系,從而為教育部門開展初中生心理健康教育提供支持。研究方法采用分層隨機抽樣,在鄞州區(qū)城區(qū)、城鄉(xiāng)結合區(qū)、郊區(qū)分別抽取2所,共計6所。在每所學校的初一、初二、初三每個年級段各隨機抽取2個班級作為調查班級。共計調查36個班級,1022名學生。采用父母教養(yǎng)方式量表、中學生應對方式量表、兒童焦慮性情緒障礙篩查表進行調查,使用SPSS19.0進行統(tǒng)計學檢驗和中介分析。研究結果1、初中生家庭教養(yǎng)方式中,父親和母親的情感溫暖理解因子分(46.58±11.31,52.56±11.16)均低于常模。父親和母親,對女兒的情感溫暖理解因子分(47.94±11.27,54.12±11.03)明顯高于對兒子(45.04±11.17,50.80±11.05)(p0.01)。父親對兒子的懲罰/嚴厲因子分(19.71±6.73)明顯高于女兒(17.17±5.08)(p0.01)。父親對兒子的過分干涉因子分(10.72±4.64)和母親對兒子的過分干涉過分保護因子分(24.61±6.88)明顯高于女兒(9.18±4.41,24.61±6.88)(p0.05)。母親對兒子的懲罰/嚴厲因子分(13.62±4.60)高于對女兒的(12.12士3.74)(p0.05)。(?)2、中學生傾向于使用的應對方式依次為:問題解決或發(fā)泄情緒(70.45%)、尋求支持(72.8%)、忍耐(69.67%)、逃避(63.21%)、幻想/否認(44.62%)、合理解釋(22.50%)。男生問題解決因子分、尋求支持因子分(19.64±3.51、17.84±3.46),低于女生(20.78±2.89,19.08±3.20)(p0.01)。男生逃避因子分(7.89±2.03),高于女生(7.27±1.78)(p0.01)。3、男生焦慮總分(20.45±13.43)、女生的焦慮總分(22.40±11.86),均高于常模。軀體化/驚恐總分(4.39±4.13)、廣泛性焦慮總分(6.02±3.60)、分離性焦慮總分(4.51±2.95)、社交恐怖總分(3.33±1.93)、學�？植揽偡�(1..24±1.56)均高于常模。女生在分離性焦慮(4.76±2.93)、社交恐怖(3.45±1.94)2個因子上得分高于男生(3.95±2.95,3.06±1.89)。焦慮障礙檢出率20.8%,其中女生焦慮障礙檢出率(22.9%)和男性(18.5%)無差異(χ2=2.90,p0.05)。4、忍耐、逃避、發(fā)泄情緒、幻想/否認因子在焦慮組得分較高(p0.001)。5、與應對方式中問題解決正相關的為父親、母親情感溫暖/理解,負相關的為父親、母親懲罰/嚴厲。與尋求社會支持正相關的為焦慮總分,父親、母親情感溫暖/理解。與合理解釋正相關的為父親、母親情感溫暖/理解,負相關的為母親懲罰/嚴厲。與忍耐正相關的為焦慮總分,父親、母親懲罰/嚴厲,拒絕/否認,父親過度保護,母親過分干涉保護。與逃避正相關的為焦慮總分,父親、母親懲罰/嚴厲、拒絕/否認,父親過分干涉,母親過分干涉保護,負相關的是父親情感溫暖/理解。與發(fā)泄情緒正相關的為焦慮總分,父親、母親懲罰/嚴厲、拒絕/否認,父親過度保護。與幻想/否認正相關的為焦慮總分,父親、母親懲罰/嚴厲、拒絕/否認,父親過度保護、過度干涉,母親過分干涉保護,負相關的是母親情感溫暖/理解。6、父親、母親情感溫暖/理解,對子女應對方式中問題解決、尋求支持、合理解釋維度有預測作用。父親、母親拒絕/否認,對子女應對方式中忍耐、逃避、發(fā)泄、幻想/否認有預測作用。7、逃避是父、母溫暖/理解和焦慮之間的中介因素;幻想/否認是父親溫暖/理解和焦慮之間的中介因素。忍耐,逃避,發(fā)泄情緒,幻想/否認是父、母懲罰/嚴厲,拒絕/否認和焦慮之間的中介因素。逃避,幻想/否認是父、母過分干涉和焦慮之間的中介因素。忍耐,發(fā)泄情緒是母親和焦慮之間的中介因素。發(fā)泄情緒,幻想/否認是父親過度保護和焦慮之間的中介因素。研究結論1、初中生家庭教養(yǎng)方式中,家庭對子女不夠溫暖、理解。而家庭里無論父親還是母親,對女孩更溫暖,而對男孩更加嚴厲。父親更容易對男孩拒絕否認,父親對男孩的過度保護高于女孩。父母應該對子女采取情感溫暖、理解度高的教養(yǎng)方式。2、初中生最常采用的是問題解決的應對方式。初中生在面對壓力的時候傾向于使用:問題解決、發(fā)泄情緒、尋求支持、忍耐、逃避。不同性別的初中生在問題解決、尋求支持、忍耐、逃避這幾個方面存在顯著差異。在面對壓力的時候,中學男生更傾向于采用"情緒應對",而女生更傾向于采用"問題應對"。3、男、女生的焦慮障礙檢出率較高,五個分量表均高于常模,調查對象的焦慮障礙應該引起重視。4、通過家庭教養(yǎng)方式,應對方式,焦慮三者之間的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)。首先,父母教養(yǎng)方式不同會影響應對方式的選擇。其次,父母教養(yǎng)方式不同會影響子女的焦慮狀態(tài),子女的應對方式不同也會影響其焦慮。最后,在父母教養(yǎng)方式和焦慮中起中介作用的,主要是指向情緒的應對方式。5、初中生家庭中可能存在FEAR效應(家庭增強的回避反應效應)。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the study is to study the mode of parenting, the coping style and the anxiety of the junior high school students and the relationship between them, and the relationship between them, and the relationship between them, and to provide support for the education department to carry out the middle school students' psychological health education. The research methods are stratified random sampling, in the urban area of Yinzhou District, the urban and rural area, the suburb. In each school, 2 classes were randomly selected as investigation classes at the first, second and third grade of each school. A total of 36 classes and 1022 students were surveyed in each school. A total of 36 classes and 1022 students were investigated. The questionnaire of parents' parenting style, the questionnaire of coping style of middle school students, the screening table for anxiety disorder of children and the use of SPSS19.0 were used. Study results and mediator analysis. Results 1, the emotional warmth comprehension factor (46.58 + 11.31,52.56 + 11.16) of the father and mother was lower than that of the norm. Father and mother, the emotional warmth understanding factor (47.94 + 11.27,54.12 + 11.03) to the daughter (45.04 + 11.17,50.80 + 11.03) was significantly higher than that of the son (45.04 + 11.17,50.80 + 11.05) (P0.01). The father's punishment / severe factor (19.71 + 6.73) was significantly higher than that of the daughter (17.17 + 5.08) (P0.01). The excessive interference factor (10.72 + 4.64) of the father to his son (10.72 + 4.64) and the excessive protection factor (24.61 + 6.88) of the mother to his son (24.61 + 6.88) were significantly higher than that of the daughter (9.18 + 4.41,24.61 + 6.88) (P0.05). The punishment / severity factor of the mother to the son The score (13.62 + 4.60) was higher than that of (12.12. 3.74) (P0.05). (?) 2. The coping styles of middle school students were: problem solving or venting emotion (70.45%), seeking support (72.8%), patience (69.67%), escape (63.21%), fantasy / denial (44.62%), rational explanation (22.50%). Boys' problem solving factor score and seeking support factor score (19.64 + 3.5). 1,17.84 + 3.46) was lower than that of girls (20.78 + 2.89,19.08 + 3.20) (P0.01). The boys' escape factor scores (7.89 + 2.03), higher than girls (7.27 + 1.78) (P0.01).3, boys' total anxiety score (20.45 + 13.43), and girls' total anxiety score (22.40 + 11.86) were higher than normal models. The total score of somatization / panic (4.39 + 4.13), general anxiety total score (6.02 + 2.03), separation anxiety Total score (4.51 + 2.95), total score of social terror (3.33 + 1.93), the total score of school terror (1..24 + 1.56) were higher than that of normal model. The scores of female students were higher than that of boys (4.76 + 2.93), and 2 factors of social terror (3.45 + 1.94) were higher than that of boys (3.95 + 2.95,3.06 + 1.89). Difference (chi 2=2.90, P0.05).4, patience, escape, vent mood, fantasy / denial factor in the anxiety group score higher (p0.001).5, and the coping style of the problem is positively related to the father, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding, negative related to the father, the mother is punished / severe. Warm / understanding. It is the father, mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the negative correlation for mother's punishment / severity. The positive correlation with patience is a total of anxiety. Father, mother punishment / severity, refusal / denial, father overprotective, mother excessively interfering protection. Absolute / denial, father excessively interfered, mother excessively interfered with protection, negatively related to father's emotional warmth / understanding. The general score of anxiety was associated with venting emotions, father, mother punishment / severity, refusal / denial, father overprotection. The total score of anxiety related to fantasy / denial, father, mother punishment / severity, refusal / denial, father overinsured. The mother's emotional warmth / understanding of.6, father, mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the prediction of the problem solving, the support and the rational explanation of the child's coping style. Father, mother refuses / deny, and the mother's coping style is patient, escaping, venting, fantasy / denial. Using.7, escaping is the intermediary between father, mother's warmth / understanding and anxiety; Fantasy / denial is the intermediary between father's warmth / understanding and anxiety. Patience, evasion, venting emotion, fantasy / denial are the mediators between father, mother's punishment / severity, refusal / denial and anxiety. Escape, fantasy / denial are between father, mother excessively interference and anxiety. Mediating factors. Patience and vent emotion are intermediary factors between mother and anxiety. Venting emotion, fantasy / denial are intermediary factors between father's excessive protection and anxiety. Research conclusions 1, middle school students are not warm enough to their children in the way of family upbringing. Children are more severe. Fathers are more likely to refuse to deny boys, father's over protection of boys is higher than girls. Parents should take emotional warmth and understanding to their children,.2, junior middle school students most often use problem solving methods. Junior high school students tend to use problems when facing pressure: problem solving, vent emotion, search. In the face of pressure, middle school boys are more inclined to adopt "emotional coping", while girls tend to adopt "problem coping".3, male and female students have higher detection rate of anxiety disorder, and five subscales are all Higher than the norm, the anxiety disorder of the respondents should pay attention to.4, through the analysis of the three aspects of family upbringing, coping style and anxiety. First, the difference of parental rearing patterns will affect the choice of coping styles. Secondly, the difference of parental rearing patterns will affect the anxiety state of the children, and the different coping styles of the children will also affect them. Finally, the mediating role of the parental rearing patterns and anxiety is mainly directed towards the coping style of the mood.5, and the FEAR effect may exist in the families of junior high school students (family enhanced avoidance response effect).
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G78;R749.72

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