本文選題：小兒肺炎 + 危險因素　； 參考：《遼寧中醫(yī)藥大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:通過對以往小兒肺炎臨床研究數(shù)據(jù)中一般資料進行收集整理,運用統(tǒng)計分析該數(shù)據(jù),探討小兒肺炎的相關危險因素,并應用伏九貼敷對相關危險因素進行干預,研究干預后的療效情況,為運用中醫(yī)特色療法干預小兒肺炎危險因素提供科學根據(jù)。材料與方法:根據(jù)本研究制定的納入與排除標準對2011年2月—2016年1月間小兒肺炎臨床研究病例收集,共納入了3972例。采用回顧性分析的研究方法,記錄整理納入例病例資料中的人口學資料、出生狀態(tài)、出身方式、出生體重、既往史等內(nèi)容。通過Excel建立臨床數(shù)據(jù)庫,使用軟件SPSS20.0進行統(tǒng)計分析,先采用單因素X2檢驗、t檢驗篩選出相關因素后,進行多因素logistic回歸,分析確立小兒肺炎的危險因素與保護因素。并進行回顧性研究觀察其中應用伏九貼敷對小兒肺炎危險因素的進行干預后的療效,根據(jù)納入排除標準共納入了475例患兒,整理患兒貼敷時的登記資料,及后期通過電話進行隨訪,記錄應用伏九貼敷后疾病的發(fā)生情況、發(fā)病次數(shù)及發(fā)病后治療方式的改變,對可干預因素進行頻次排序,通過自身前后對照方法分析疾病的發(fā)生情況、發(fā)病次數(shù)及發(fā)病后治療方式的改變來判定伏九貼敷的干預療效,對伏九貼敷對小兒肺炎相關危險因素干預的療效進行客觀的評價。結果:1、肺炎患兒以0~3歲最多,占58.99%,其次是4~6歲占29.25%,7~14歲占11.76%。2、多因素logistic回歸分析既往呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病史、濕疹史、佝僂病史、低出生體重是小兒肺炎的獨立危險因素。年齡、體重、順產(chǎn)是小兒肺炎的保護因素。3、貼敷患兒呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病中上呼吸道感染發(fā)病率最高,兩年間呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的發(fā)病情況有所緩解,上呼吸道感染、支氣管炎、肺炎、哮喘、過敏性鼻炎、咽炎前后差異明顯(P0.05)。4.貼敷治療后上呼吸道感染、支氣管炎、肺炎、哮喘次數(shù)均減少,療前療后差異比較有意義(P0.05)。在反復肺炎、反復支氣管炎療效上療后2年總有效率好于療后1年,不同貼敷療程的療效比較差異明顯(P0.05)。結論:1、小兒年齡越小肺炎發(fā)病率越高,發(fā)病率隨年齡增長而逐漸減少。2、小兒肺炎的危險因素與既往史、出生情況有關,保護因素與小兒年齡、體重,出生方式有關。3、伏九貼敷能降低小兒呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率,減少治療次數(shù),對小兒肺炎的危險因素有干預作用,同時臨床療效與貼敷療程呈正相關。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the risk factors of pediatric pneumonia by collecting and arranging the general data from the clinical research data of pediatric pneumonia, and to intervene the related risk factors with Fujiu application. To study the curative effect after intervention, to provide scientific basis for intervention of risk factors of pneumonia in children by using characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine. Materials and methods: according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3972 cases of pediatric pneumonia were collected from February 2011 to January 2016. The demographic data, birth status, birth style, birth weight, past history and so on were recorded by retrospective analysis. The clinical database was established by Excel, and the statistical analysis was carried out by using the software SPSS20.0. The related factors were screened by single factor X 2 test and t test, and then multivariate logistic regression was carried out to analyze and establish the risk factors and protective factors of pneumonia in children. A retrospective study was conducted to observe the therapeutic effect of Fujiu application on the risk factors of pneumonia in children. 475 children were included according to the exclusion criteria, and the registration data were sorted out. And later follow up by telephone to record the occurrence of disease, the number of the disease and the changes of treatment methods after the application of Fu Jiu application, and the frequency of interventional factors were ranked. The intervention effect of Fujiu application on risk factors related to pneumonia in children was evaluated objectively by analyzing the occurrence of disease, the frequency of disease and the changes of treatment methods after the onset of the disease before and after the onset of the disease, and the therapeutic effects of Fujiu application on the risk factors related to pneumonia in children were evaluated objectively. Results: the majority of children with pneumonia were 0 to 3 years old (58.99), followed by 4- and 6-year-olds (29.2525 / 714) and 11.76.2. multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of respiratory diseases, eczema, rickets and low birth weight were independent risk factors of pneumonia in children. Age, body weight, and natural labor are the protective factors of pneumonia in children. The incidence of upper respiratory tract infection is the highest among children with respiratory diseases, and the incidence of respiratory diseases has been alleviated in the past two years, with upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, pneumonia. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, pharyngitis before and after the difference was significant P 0.05. 4. The frequency of upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma were all decreased after application. The difference before and after treatment was significant (P 0.05). The total effective rate of 2 years after treatment was better than that of 1 year after treatment in the treatment of recurrent pneumonia and repeated bronchitis. Conclusion the incidence of pneumonia in children is higher with age. The incidence of pneumonia decreases gradually with age. The risk factors of pneumonia in children are related to past history, birth status, protective factors and age and weight of children. The birth style is related to. 3. Fujiu application can reduce the incidence of respiratory system diseases in children, reduce the number of times of treatment, and interfere with the risk factors of pneumonia in children. At the same time, there is a positive correlation between the clinical efficacy and the course of application.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧中醫(yī)藥大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R246.4

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