本文選題：孤獨癥 + 氣質(zhì)特征　； 參考：《寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：（1）探討孤獨癥兒童氣質(zhì)特征，分析不同氣質(zhì)維度與孤獨癥行為表現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。（2）研究孤獨癥兒童顏色偏好順序，及不同年齡、不同性別孤獨癥兒童與正常兒童顏色偏好差異。 方法：（1）采用“3-7歲兒童氣質(zhì)問卷（NYLS）”對30名孤獨癥兒童和60名正常兒童進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查。（2）采用“兒童孤獨癥評定量表(CARS)”評定孤獨癥兒童的行為表現(xiàn)。（3）采用對偶比較法對45名孤獨癥兒童和124名正常兒童進(jìn)行顏色偏好實驗研究。 結(jié)果：（1）孤獨癥兒童和正常兒童在“趨避性”、“適應(yīng)度”、“情緒本質(zhì)”、“堅持度”、“注意分散度”5個氣質(zhì)維度上存在明顯差異（P0.01）。（2）孤獨癥兒童氣質(zhì)維度中“活動量”與CARS“總體印象”呈正相關(guān)(r=0.416)；“規(guī)律性”與“聽覺反應(yīng)”、“味、嗅和觸覺反應(yīng)”和“焦慮反應(yīng)”均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.389, r=-0.384, r=-0.396)；“適應(yīng)度”與“軀體運用能力”和“對環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)”均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.370, r=-0.495)；“反應(yīng)強度”與“語言交流”呈正相關(guān)(r=0.371)；“情緒本質(zhì)”與“視覺反應(yīng)”、“味、嗅和觸覺反應(yīng)”和“焦慮反應(yīng)”均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.411, r=-0.399, r=-0.467)；“注意分散度”與“視覺反應(yīng)”呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.376)；“反應(yīng)閾”與“焦慮反應(yīng)”呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.574)。（3）孤獨癥兒童顏色偏好順序依次為：黃、黑、藍(lán)、綠、紅、紫、橙、白。（4）孤獨癥兒童和正常兒童在對“紅”、“黃”和“紫”的偏好上存在明顯差異（P0.05）。（5）孤獨癥兒童男生和正常兒童男生在對“黃”、“紫”的偏好上存在明顯差異（P0.05），孤獨癥兒童女生和正常兒童女生在對“紅”、“黃”和“黑”的偏好上存在明顯差異（P0.05）。（6）4歲組、5歲組的孤獨癥兒童和正常兒童在對“黃”的偏好上均存在明顯差異（P0.05），，6歲組的孤獨癥兒童和正常兒童在對“紅”、“黑”的偏好上存在明顯差異（P0.05）。（7）孤獨癥兒童男生和女生的顏色偏好無明顯差異（P0.05）。（8）孤獨癥兒童4歲組、5歲組和6歲組的顏色偏好無明顯差異（P0.05）。 結(jié)論（1）孤獨癥兒童在“趨避性”、“適應(yīng)度”、“情緒本質(zhì)”，“堅持度”和“注意分散度”5個氣質(zhì)維度的得分均低于正常兒童。（2）孤獨癥兒童氣質(zhì)的“活動量”、“規(guī)律性”、“適應(yīng)度”、“反應(yīng)強度”、“情緒本質(zhì)”，“注意分散度”和“反應(yīng)閾”7個維度與其行為表現(xiàn)之間存在相關(guān)。（3）孤獨癥兒童的顏色偏好與正常兒童不同。孤獨癥兒童對“黃”的偏好高于正常兒童，對“紅”和“紫”的偏好低于正常兒童。與正常兒童男生對照，孤獨癥兒童男生更偏愛“黃”，較不喜愛“紫”；與正常兒童女生對照，孤獨癥兒童女生更偏愛“黃”和“黑”，較不喜愛“紅”。與4歲組和5歲組的正常兒童對照，同年齡組孤獨癥兒童更偏愛“黃”；與6歲組正常兒童對照，同年齡組孤獨癥兒童更偏愛“黑”，較不喜愛“紅”。（4）孤獨癥兒童男、女生顏色偏好相似。（5）不同年齡孤獨癥兒童顏色偏好相似。
[Abstract]:Objective: (1) to investigate the temperament characteristics of autistic children and to analyze the relationship between different temperament dimensions and autism behavior. (2) the color preference sequence of autism children, and the difference of color preference between autistic children and normal children at different ages.
Methods: (1) a questionnaire survey was conducted on 30 autistic children and 60 normal children using the "3-7 year old children Temperament Questionnaire (NYLS)". (2) the behavior performance of autistic children was assessed by "Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS)". (3) the color preference experiment was conducted on 45 autistic and 124 normal children by dual comparison method.
Results: (1) there were obvious differences between autistic children and normal children in the 5 dimensions of "avoidance", "fitness", "emotional nature", "persistence" and "attention dispersion" (P0.01). (2) there was a positive correlation between "activity" and "general impression" in the temperament dimension of autism children (r=0.416); "regularity" and "listening". "Sense reaction", "taste, smell and tactile response" and "anxiety response" were negatively correlated (r=-0.389, r=-0.384, r=-0.396); "adaptation" was negatively correlated with "physical use" and "adaptation to environmental changes" (r=-0.370, r=-0.495); "response intensity" was positively correlated with "language communication" (r=0.371); "emotional book". "Quality" and "visual reaction", "taste, smell and tactile response" and "anxiety response" were negatively correlated (r=-0.411, r=-0.399, r=-0.467); "attention dispersion" was negatively correlated with "visual reaction" (r=-0.376); "reaction threshold" and "anxiety response" were negatively correlated (r=-0.574). (3) the order of color preference sequence of autism children was in turn: Yellow, black, blue, green, green, red, purple, orange, and white. (4) there is a significant difference in the preference of autistic and normal children on "red", "yellow" and "purple" (P0.05). (5) the preference of autistic boys and normal boys in the preference for "yellow" and "purple" is significantly different (P0.05), autistic and normal children girls are in the same way. There were significant differences in the preference of "red", "yellow" and "black" (P0.05). (6) the 4 year old group, 5 year old autistic and normal children had obvious differences in the preference for "yellow" (P0.05). There were significant differences in the preference for "red" and "black" in the 6 year old group of autistic and normal children (P0.05). (7) autistic boys There was no significant difference in color preference between girls and children (P0.05). (8) color preference of autistic children in 4 year old group, 5 year old group and 6 year old group was not significantly different (P0.05).
Conclusion (1) the scores of 5 autistic children in "avoidance", "fitness", "emotional essence", "persistence" and "attention dispersion" are all lower than those of normal children. (2) the "activity", "regularity" "," response intensity "," emotional essence "," attention dispersion "and" attention dispersion "of autistic children's temperament. There is a correlation between the 7 dimensions of the response threshold and the behavior performance. (3) the color preference of autistic children is different from that of normal children. The preference of autistic children to "yellow" is higher than that of normal children, and the preference for "red" and "purple" is lower than that of normal children. In contrast to normal children, children with autism prefer "yellow" and "black" more than "red". Compared with normal children in 4 and 5 years old, autistic children in the same age group prefer "yellow"; compared with normal children of 6 years old, autistic children in the same age group prefer "black", and they are less happy than the age group. Love (red). (4) autistic boys and girls have similar color preferences. (5) children with autism have similar color preferences at different ages.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.94

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