本文選題：嬰兒期 + 喂養(yǎng)行為��； 參考：《山東大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 過敏性疾病(又稱變態(tài)反應性疾病),是指人體對某些物質(zhì)(如細菌、花粉、食物或藥物)、境遇(如精神、情緒激動或曝露陽光)或物理狀況(如受冷)所產(chǎn)生的超常的或病理的反應。 臨床上常見的過敏性疾病包括過敏性濕疹、過敏性哮喘、過敏性鼻炎、過敏性結(jié)膜炎等。近幾年過敏性疾病在兒童中的發(fā)病率已經(jīng)達到20%以上,嚴重影響了兒童的生活質(zhì)量。過敏性疾病的影響因素非常復雜,既有遺傳因素,又有環(huán)境因素。本研究通過調(diào)查過敏體質(zhì)兒童和非過敏體質(zhì)兒童嬰兒期的喂養(yǎng)行為,即母親在喂養(yǎng)方面的知識-態(tài)度-行為,了解不同體質(zhì)兒童在喂養(yǎng)行為上的差異,分析嬰兒期喂養(yǎng)行為與過敏性疾病之間的相關(guān)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)過敏性疾病的危險因素和保護因素,以便在今后的工作中作出正確的指導。 對象和方法 樣本選取從2011年1月份至2011年12月份來山東大學齊魯醫(yī)院小兒內(nèi)科門診就診的6個月至3歲的過敏體質(zhì)兒童375例,同時按匹配原則選取同年齡段非過敏體質(zhì)兒童375例作為對照組,對其家長進行問卷調(diào)查,問卷內(nèi)容包括兒童及其家庭的基本情況,母親的基本情況,母親的喂養(yǎng)知識掌握情況,嬰兒期輔食添加情況等6個方面將所有資料輸入計算機,采用Exce12007建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,運用SPSS16.0軟件包進行統(tǒng)計分析。采用統(tǒng)計描述(頻數(shù)分布)不同家庭情況、母親基本情況、嬰兒情況及母乳喂養(yǎng)知識-態(tài)度-行為等各分組的人數(shù)及構(gòu)成比；采用X2檢驗比較患兒過敏性疾病的發(fā)生在不同情況下的差異；采用Logistic回歸分析,探討影響兒童過敏性疾病發(fā)生的主要影響因素。 結(jié)果 1.本次調(diào)查兒童共701例,其中男童430例,占61.3%,女童271例,占38.7%,男女比例為1.59：1。過敏體質(zhì)兒童351例,占50.1%,男女比例2.48：1；非過敏體質(zhì)兒童350例,占49.9%,男女比例1.06：1。 2.(1)有過敏家族史、有被動吸煙史及高收入家庭的兒童過敏性疾病的發(fā)病率高(P0.05)；(2)母親生育年齡大、文化程度高及母親是企事業(yè)人員或醫(yī)務人員,兒童過敏性疾病發(fā)病率高(P0.05)；(3)過敏性疾病的發(fā)生狀況因兒童性別、年齡、胎次及出生體重的不同發(fā)病率有差異(P0.05)；(4)母親的喂養(yǎng)認知程度越高,過敏性疾病的發(fā)病率越高(P0.05)；(5)人工喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒過敏性疾病的發(fā)病率明顯高于母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒(P0.05)；(6)有初乳喂養(yǎng)經(jīng)歷的兒童過敏性疾病發(fā)病率低；(7)蛋類食物添加較早者(2個月以內(nèi))過敏性疾病發(fā)病率高(P0.05),谷類、肉類添加時間晚者(即6個月以上)過敏性疾病發(fā)病率高；(8)多因素Logistic回歸分析表明影響兒童過敏性疾病的主要危險因素是：家族史、被動吸煙史、兒童性別、母親文化程度高、母親職業(yè)、胎次、蛋類添加時間為危險因素,家庭收入低、母親生育年齡小、兒童出生體重正常、母乳喂養(yǎng)知識得分低、輔食添加知識得分低、母乳喂養(yǎng)方式、初乳喂養(yǎng)、谷類添加時間、豆制品添加時間為保護因素。 結(jié)論 遺傳因素仍然是影響過敏性疾病的最重要因素；家庭收入高、母親文化程度高的嬰兒過敏性疾病發(fā)病率高；有被動吸煙史的兒童過敏性疾病發(fā)病率高；母親喂養(yǎng)知識得分高的兒童過敏性疾病發(fā)病率高；過敏性疾病與兒童的性別、年齡、出生體重有相關(guān)性；母乳喂養(yǎng)兒過敏性疾病發(fā)病率低；初乳喂養(yǎng)可以減少過敏性疾病的發(fā)病率；禽蛋類食品添加過早可增加過敏性疾病發(fā)生的幾率；適時添加谷類和豆類食物有利于預防過敏性疾病的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Purpose

Allergic disease ( also known as allergic disease ) refers to a reaction of a human body to certain substances ( such as bacteria , pollen , food or drugs ) , circumstances ( e.g . , mental , emotional or exposure to sunlight ) or physical conditions ( e.g . , cold ) .

Allergic diseases include allergic eczema , allergic asthma , allergic rhinitis , allergic conjunctivitis , etc . In recent years , the incidence of allergic diseases in children has reached more than 20 % , which seriously affects the quality of life of children .

Objects and Methods

In this paper , 375 children with allergic constitution from January 2011 to December of 2011 were selected as control group . 375 children with non - allergic constitution were selected as control group , and their parents were investigated . The data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software package . The number and composition ratio of different families , mother ' s basic condition , infant condition and knowledge of breast feeding knowledge - attitude - behavior were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software .
X2 test was used to compare the difference of allergic diseases in children .
Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the main factors affecting the occurrence of allergic diseases in children .

Results

1 . There were 701 children in this survey , including 430 boys , 61.3 % , and 271 children , accounting for 38.7 % . The ratio of male and female was 1.59 : 1 . 351 children with allergic constitution , 50.1 % and 2.48 : 1 male and female ;
There were 350 children with non - allergic constitution , 49.9 % and 1.06 : 1 .

2 . ( 1 ) There was a high incidence of allergic diseases among children with allergic family history , passive smoking history and high - income families ( P0.05 ) ;
( 2 ) The mother ' s reproductive age is large , the cultural degree is high and the mother is the enterprise or medical personnel , the incidence of allergic diseases of children is high ( P0.05 ) ;
( 3 ) The incidence of allergic diseases was different from that of children ' s sex , age , carcass and birth weight ( P0.05 ) .
( 4 ) The higher the feeding awareness of mother , the higher the incidence of allergic disease ( P0.05 ) ;
( 5 ) The incidence of allergic diseases in infants fed artificially was higher than that of breast - fed infants ( P0.05 ) .
( 6 ) The incidence of allergic diseases in children with colostrum feeding is low ;
( 7 ) The incidence of allergic diseases was high ( within 2 months ) , and the incidence of allergic diseases was high ( P0.05 ) .
( 8 ) Multi - factor logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors influencing children ' s allergic diseases were family history , passive smoking history , child sex , mother ' s degree of culture , mother ' s occupation , fetal time , egg adding time as risk factors , low family income , low mother ' s reproductive age , normal child birth weight , low score of infant feeding knowledge , low score of supplementary feeding knowledge , feeding mode of breast feeding , feeding of colostrum , adding time of cereals , and time of adding bean products as protective factors .

Conclusion

Genetic factors remain the most important factor affecting allergic diseases .
High family income and high mother ' s high prevalence of allergic diseases in infants ;
Children with passive smoking history have high incidence of allergic diseases ;
High incidence of allergic diseases in children with high knowledge of feeding knowledge of mothers ;
Allergic diseases are related to the sex , age and birth weight of children ;
Low incidence of allergic diseases in breast - fed infants ;
Colostrum feeding can reduce the incidence of allergic diseases ;
the addition of poultry egg foods can increase the probability of occurrence of allergic diseases ;
Proper addition of cereals and beans helps prevent allergic diseases .

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R174

【引證文獻】

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4 張雅蓉;陳云;趙艾;李宏亮;母智深;張玉梅;王培玉;;中國3~12歲兒童自報食物過敏與食物不耐受的相關(guān)因素分析[J];衛(wèi)生研究;2015年02期

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本文編號：1811690