本文選題：孤獨癥 + 親職壓力�。� 參考：《寧夏醫(yī)科大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的通過研究孤獨癥兒童家長親職壓力的狀況，考察孤獨癥兒童家長一般自我效能感、人格特征對親職壓力的影響，為制定緩解孤獨癥兒童家長親職壓力,并選擇有效的心理護理干預(yù)方法提供理論依據(jù)和合理建議。 方法觀察組以43例來源于寧夏醫(yī)科大學總醫(yī)院心身醫(yī)學科、寧夏殘聯(lián)和銀川市兩所孤獨癥訓(xùn)練中心的孤獨癥兒童家長為研究對象，在銀川市某幼兒園隨機選取86位一般健康兒童家長作為對照組，盡可能使年齡、性別、父母文化程度相匹配。使用結(jié)構(gòu)式問卷對研究對象進行資料收集，包括一般情況調(diào)查問卷、親職壓力量表簡表、艾森克人格問卷、一般自我效能感量表。所得數(shù)據(jù)輸入SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計學軟件并對數(shù)據(jù)采用統(tǒng)計學描述、t檢驗、單因素方差分析、卡方檢驗、Pearson相關(guān)分析和多因素回歸分析(逐步回歸法)。 結(jié)果（1）兩組一般資料的比較觀察組與對照組在性別、年齡、父母文化程度、等方面無顯著差異性（P0.05）。（2）孤獨癥兒童家長親職壓力量表總分及親職愁苦、親子互動失調(diào)、困難兒童維度得分均高于正常對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.01）。（3）艾森克人格問卷的比較在EPQ人格分量表（E,N,P,L）得分上，孤獨癥兒童家長內(nèi)外向因子（E）得分低于對照組(P0.01)，神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）得分高于對照組(P0.01)；精神質(zhì)（P）、掩飾性（L）二項因子得分與對照組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。（4）一般自我效能感量表的比較孤獨癥兒童家長一般自我效能感得分低于正常對照組，，差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.01）。（5）孤獨癥兒童家長親職壓力與人格特征的相關(guān)分析親職愁苦維度與內(nèi)外向因子（E）呈顯著負相關(guān)（r=-0.418,P=0.005）,與神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）呈顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.400,P=0.008)；親子互動失調(diào)維度與神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）呈正相關(guān)（r=0.342,P=0.025）；困難兒童維度與內(nèi)外向因子（E）呈負相關(guān)（r=-0.312,P=0.042）,與神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）呈正相關(guān)（r=0.303, P=0.048）；親職壓力總分與內(nèi)外向因子（E）呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.422, P=0.005)，與神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）呈正相關(guān)(r=0.483, P=0.001）。（6）孤獨癥兒童家長親職壓力和一般自我效能感的相關(guān)分析孤獨癥兒童家長親職壓力總分和親職愁苦、親子互動失調(diào)、困難兒童維度與一般自我效能感均呈負相關(guān)（r=-0.364,P=0.016; r=-0.326, P=0.033; r=-0.511, P=0.000; r=-0.466, P=0.002）。（7）孤獨癥兒童家長一般自我效能感和人格特征的相關(guān)分析內(nèi)外向因子（E）與一般自我效能感呈正相關(guān)（r=0.575,P=0.000）,神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）與一般自我效能感呈負相關(guān)（r=-0.333, P=0.029）。（8）多元逐步回歸分析一般自我效能感、神經(jīng)質(zhì)因子（N）和婚姻狀況是親職壓力的重要預(yù)測因子（R2=0.243; R2=0.132; R2=0.123）。 結(jié)論（1）與正常兒童家長相比孤獨癥兒童家長出現(xiàn)高水平親職壓力的比例更高、程度更嚴重。（2）孤獨癥兒童家長一般自我效能感和人格因素與親職壓力存在顯著相關(guān)，一般自我效能感較強、情緒穩(wěn)定、性格外向的家長親職壓力水平較低。（3）孤獨癥兒童家長一般自我效能感和人格特征是親職壓力的有效預(yù)測變量，提示醫(yī)護人員應(yīng)加強關(guān)注患兒家長的心理健康，提高他們的一般自我效能感，促進其人格的健康發(fā)展,以降低親職壓力水平。
[Abstract]:The parents of children with autism research and parenting stress in parents of children with autism on general self-efficacy, effect of personality characteristics on parenting stress, for ease of parenting stress in parents of children with autism, and choose the effective psychological nursing intervention method provides theoretical basis and reasonable proposals.
Methods 43 cases in observation group from the Department of psychosomatic medicine of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia CDPF and Yinchuan City Autism Training Center of autistic parents as the research object, in a kindergarten in Yinchuan city were randomly selected from the 86 general health of parents of children as the control group, as far as possible so that the age, gender, parents' education level match. Using a structured questionnaire to collect data of the object of study, including questionnaires in general, parenting stress scale, Eysenck personality questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale. The data input SPSS13.0 statistical software and the statistical description of the data, t test, one-way ANOVA, chi square test, Pearson regression analysis correlation analysis and multivariate (stepwise regression).
Results (1) general data of the two groups the observation group compared with the control group in gender, age, level of education of parents, and no significant difference (P0.05). (2) the parents of children with autism parenting stress scale scores and parental anxiety disorders, parent-child interaction, child dimension difficult points were higher than that of normal control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.01). (3) Eysenck personality questionnaire in EPQ personality scale (E, N, P, L) score, parents of autistic children of internal and external factor (E) was lower than that of control group (P0.01), neuroticism (N) score higher than the control group (P0.01) the spirit of quality; (P), camouflage (L) two factor scores and the control group had no significant difference (P0.05). (4) the general self-efficacy scale comparison of parents of autistic children general self-efficacy scores were lower than the normal control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.01) (5) parents. Autistic children parenting stress Correlation analysis of parental anxiety and personality dimensions and internal and external factor (E) showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.418, P=0.005), and neuroticism (N) showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.400, P=0.008); parent-child dysfunctional interaction with neuroticism factor (N) positive correlation (r= 0.342, P=0.025); children the dimensions and internal and external factor (E) was negatively correlated (r=-0.312, P=0.042), and neuroticism (N) positive correlation (r=0.303, P=0.048); Pro score and parenting stress to the inside and outside factor (E) was negatively correlated (r=-0.422, P=0.005), and neuroticism (N) positive correlation (r=0.483, P=0.001) (6). Correlation analysis of parenting stress in parents of children with autism and general self-efficacy of parents of children with autism parenting stress and parenting anxiety scores, parent-child interaction disorder, dimensions of children difficult and general self-efficacy was negatively correlated (r=-0.364, P=0.016; r=-0.326, P=0.033; r=-0.511, P=0.00 0; r=-0.466, P=0.002). (7) the parents of children with autism in general self-efficacy and personality characteristics analysis of internal and external factor (E) and general self-efficacy were positively correlated (r=0.575, P=0.000), neuroticism (N) had negative correlation with general self-efficacy (r= -0.333, P=0.029 (8). Multiple stepwise regression analysis) general self-efficacy, neuroticism factor (N) and marital status are important predictors of parental stress (R2=0.243; R2=0.132; R2=0.123).
Conclusion (1) compared with the normal children's parents in parents of children with autism have high levels of parenting stress was higher, more severe. (2) there is a significant correlation of parents of autistic children's general self-efficacy and personality factors and parenting stress, general self-efficacy is strong, emotional stability, extroverted parents' the pressure level is low. (3) the parents of children with autism in general self-efficacy and personality traits are predictive variables of parenting stress, indicating that the medical staff should strengthen the attention of parents of children with mental health, improve their sense of general self efficiency, and promote the healthy development of their personality, to reduce Parenting stress levels.

【學位授予單位】：寧夏醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.94

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