本文選題：中小學生　切入點：BMI　出處：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通過對吉林市城鄉(xiāng)各個年級中小學生身高體重的測量及對體型認知的調(diào)查,掌握吉林市中小學生超重與肥胖的流行現(xiàn)狀,分析體型自我評價與BMI評價的一致性,深入剖析影響中小學生超重與肥胖及體型認知偏差的主要原因和存在問題,有針對性地提出建議,為相關(guān)部門制定完善的干預措施提供參考依據(jù)。方法:采取分層、整群隨機抽樣的方法,選取吉林市船營區(qū)、豐滿區(qū)、蛟河市、永吉縣小學、初中和高中各1所,共12所學校,包括7-18歲的中小學生,共9727人。利用體格測量與問卷調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方式,收集中小學生的基本信息和體檢資料,對吉林市中小學生進行超重與肥胖的現(xiàn)狀及體型的認知情況進行調(diào)查。問卷內(nèi)容包括一般情況(姓名、性別、年齡、年級等)和對自己體型的認知情況等。體格測量指定學校校醫(yī)兩人一組(一人測量,一人記錄)對學生的身高和體重進行測量。結(jié)果:1.吉林市中小學生總體超重率與肥胖率分別為15.9%和16.8%,超重與肥胖合計檢出率為32.7%。性別方面:男生超重與肥胖率分別為19.2%和20.4%,合計39.6%,女生超重與肥胖率分別為12.6%和13.2%,合計25.8%,男生的超重與肥胖檢出率高于女生;超重與肥胖檢出率隨年齡的增長總體呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。學校類型方面:小學超重率為15.3%,肥胖率為19.9%,合計35.2%,初中超重率為16.9%,肥胖率為16.1%,合計33.0%,高中超重率為15.5%,肥胖率為13.3%,合計29.0%,超重與肥胖的檢出率隨年級的上升呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。地區(qū)方面:城市學生超重率為33.8%,肥胖率為37.9%,合計71.6%,農(nóng)村學生超重率為29.5%,肥胖率為28.6%,合計58.2%,與農(nóng)村相比,城市學生的超重與肥胖檢出率較高。2.吉林市中小學生營養(yǎng)不良檢出率(即消瘦檢出率)為4.9%,男女生營養(yǎng)不良檢出率均為4.9%。經(jīng)卡方檢驗,中小學生營養(yǎng)不良檢出率在年齡、學校、城鄉(xiāng)中有顯著性差異。隨著年齡的增加,營養(yǎng)不良率整體呈升高趨勢;從不同學段學生的營養(yǎng)狀況來看,高中學生營養(yǎng)不良率檢出率顯著高于初中學生和小學生;農(nóng)村學生營養(yǎng)不良檢出率高于城市學生。3.經(jīng)Kappa一致性檢驗結(jié)果顯示,吉林市中小學生體型自我評價與BMI評價有顯著性差異。Kappa0.4,說明中小學生體型自我評價與BMI評價的一致性較差,吉林市中小學生群體中存在著體型認知的偏移。大約65.5%學生能夠做出正確的判斷,但仍有34.5%的學生錯誤地估計了自己的體型,其中29.6%的學生低估了自己的體型,4.9%的學生高估自己的體型。男女生在體型認知上存在差異。女生比男生更能準確地評價自己的體型,但女生易高估自己的體型,而男生相對來說易低估自己的體型;年齡大的學生比年齡小的學生更能準確地評價自己的體型;農(nóng)村學生比城市學生更能準確地評價自己的體型,但城市中小學生更易低估自己的體型,而農(nóng)村中小學生更易高估自己的體型。結(jié)論:1.吉林市中小學生超重與肥胖檢出率較高,是該群體突出的健康問題,男生的超重與肥胖檢出率高于女生,隨年齡的增長,超重與肥胖檢出率總體呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。城市的學生超重與肥胖檢出率高于農(nóng)村。2.與吉林市中小學生超重與肥胖的檢出率相比,該群體營養(yǎng)不良檢出率相對較低,但隨年齡的增長,中小學生的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率呈逐漸上升趨勢,所以,在兒童青少年超重與肥胖全面流行的同時,營養(yǎng)不良仍然是不容忽視的健康問題。3.吉林市中小學生體型自我評價與BMI評價的一致性較差,存在著明顯的偏移,女生易高估自己的體型,高年級學生易高估自己的體型,農(nóng)村學生易高估自己的體型,在一致率方面,女生高于男生,高年級學生高于低年級學生,城市學生高于農(nóng)村學生。
[Abstract]:Objective: This study based on the survey of the Jilin urban and rural primary and middle school students in all grades of body height and weight and cognitive investigation, grasp the Jilin primary and middle school students' overweight and obesity prevalence, consistency analysis and BMI type self evaluation, in-depth analysis of the main causes of primary and middle school students overweight and obesity and type of cognitive bias and the problems, put forward suggestions, provide a reference for the relevant departments to establish and perfect the intervention measures. Methods: stratified and cluster random sampling method, selected Jilin City, Chuanying District, Jiaohe City, Fengman District, Yongji County primary school, junior high school and senior high school in 1, a total of 12 schools, including primary and secondary students at the age of 7-18, a total of 9727 people. The use of physical measurement and questionnaire survey method of combining basic information and medical information collection of primary and secondary school students, students in Jilin were overweight and obesity status To investigate the cognition and body. The contents of the questionnaire included the general information (name, gender, age, grade, etc.) and on their size. The cognition of physical measurement of specified school doctors in a group of two (one measurement, one record) on students' height and weight were measured. Results: the overall prevalence of overweight and 1. students in Jilin city and the rate of obesity were 15.9% and 16.8%, overweight and obesity prevalence rate of 32.7%. gender: male overweight and obesity rates were 19.2% and 20.4%, a total of 39.6% girls, overweight and obesity rates were 12.6% and 13.2%, a total of 25.8% overweight and obese boys was higher than girls; overweight and the obesity rate decreased with the increase of age. The overall school types: Primary School overweight rate was 15.3% and the obesity rate was 19.9%, a total of 35.2% junior high school, overweight rate was 16.9% and the obesity rate was 16.1%, total 33%, overweight high school The rate is 15.5%, obesity rate was 13.3%, total 29%, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with grade decreased. Area: the city students overweight rate was 33.8% and the obesity rate was 37.9%, a total of 71.6% rural students, the overweight rate was 29.5%, the obesity rate was 28.6%, a total of 58.2%, compared with rural areas, overweight obesity and high detection rate.2. city students in primary and middle school students in Jilin the prevalence of malnutrition (i.e., weight loss rate was 4.9%), and the detection rate of malnutrition was 4.9%. by chi square test of malnutrition incidence in the age of the school, there are significant differences in urban and rural areas. With the increase of age. The overall rate of malnutrition was increased; the nutritional status of students from high school students to see, the malnutrition rate was significantly higher than the detection rate of junior middle school students and primary school students; students in rural areas the prevalence of malnutrition is higher than city students by.3. Kappa The consistency of test results show that the BMI and the Jilin City elementary and middle school students body self evaluation had significant difference.Kappa0.4 showed poor consistency with BMI in primary and middle school students self evaluation form, there is a shift type cognitive groups of schoolchildren in Jilin city. About 65.5% students can make a correct judgment, but there are still 34.5% of the students the error estimation of the body, 29.6% of them underestimate their own size, 4.9% of the students overestimated their body size. In the shape of male and female students cognitive differences. Girls can accurately evaluate their body more than boys, but girls easily overestimate their own size, while boys relatively easy to underestimate their own size; the older students than younger students can more accurately evaluate their shape; rural students can accurately evaluate their body more than city students, but students in the city It is easy to underestimate their own size, while the rural primary and middle school students are more likely to overestimate their size. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students in Jilin city 1. higher detection rate, is the prominent health problem group, overweight and obese boys was higher than girls, with age, overweight and obesity rate decreased overweight and obesity. The detection rate is higher than that of.2. city rural primary and middle school students in Jilin and the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to the malnutrition rate is relatively low, but with the increase of age, students malnutrition rate increased gradually, so, in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents comprehensive popular at the same time, malnutrition is still poor consistency and BMI can not be ignored in primary and middle school students' health problems in Jilin city.3. type self evaluation evaluation, there are obvious shift, girls will overestimate the self In terms of body size, senior students tend to overestimate their body shape. Rural students tend to overestimate their body shape. In terms of coherence rate, girls are higher than boys, and senior students are higher than those of lower grades. Urban students are higher than rural students.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R723.14;R181.3

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