發(fā)布時間：2018-03-03 16:22

  本文選題：哮喘　切入點：兒童　出處：《青島大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的探討孕期和新生兒期因素與兒童支氣管哮喘發(fā)病的相關性,為哮喘早期防治提供理論根據(jù)。 方法以2010年10月至2011年6月在日照市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院門診就診或住院的295例0-14歲哮喘患兒為研究對象,每例選配1名同性別、同民族、來自同一社區(qū)、年齡相差不超過1周歲的健康兒童作為對照組。采用問卷調查的方式,對兩組母親孕期相關因素(孕期被動吸煙、孕期吸煙、早孕反應、飼養(yǎng)寵物、妊娠高血壓綜合征、妊娠糖尿病、孕期患呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病史)和新生兒期相關因素(早產、低出生體重、新生兒窒息、機械通氣、剖宮產、病理性黃疸、母乳喂養(yǎng)、新生兒期應用抗生素)進行調查,比較哮喘組和正常對照組上述相關因素在統(tǒng)計學方面的差異,進而探討孕期和新生兒期因素與兒童支氣管哮喘發(fā)病的相關性。 結果分析了295組相配對的對照病例,經(jīng)卡方檢驗,差異有顯著性可進入回歸方程的因素有9個：其中孕期因素有3個(飼養(yǎng)寵物史、妊娠劇吐、孕期被動吸煙)；新生兒期因素有6個(早產、低出生體重、剖宮產、病理性黃疸、母乳喂養(yǎng)、新生兒期應用抗生素)。上述相關因素經(jīng)多因素Logistic回歸分析,兒童哮喘發(fā)病的危險因素有：飼養(yǎng)寵物史、妊娠劇吐、孕期被動吸煙、早產、剖宮產、病理性黃疸、新生兒期應用抗生素；保護性因素為：母乳喂養(yǎng)。 結論通過研究分析可知飼養(yǎng)寵物史、妊娠劇吐、孕期被動吸煙、早產、剖宮產、病理性黃疸、新生兒期應用抗生素是兒童哮喘的危險因素；母乳喂養(yǎng)則是兒童哮喘發(fā)病的保護性因素。如果能對上述危險因素給予預防控制,降低各種危險因素的潛在風險,提倡母乳喂養(yǎng),對減少兒童哮喘的發(fā)病有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the relationship between the factors of pregnancy and newborn and the incidence of bronchial asthma in children, and to provide theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods A total of 295 children aged 0-14 years with asthma from October 2010 to June 2011 in Rizhao Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine (Rizhao) were selected as subjects. Each patient was of the same sex, same nationality and from the same community. Healthy children with age difference of less than one year were used as control group. The maternal factors related to pregnancy (passive smoking during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, early pregnancy reaction, keeping pets, pregnancy hypertension syndrome) were investigated by questionnaire. Maternal diabetes mellitus, history of respiratory diseases during pregnancy, and neonatal related factors (preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, mechanical ventilation, cesarean section, pathological jaundice, breast-feeding, antibiotics at the neonatal stage) were investigated. To compare the statistical differences of the above related factors between the asthma group and the normal control group, and to explore the correlation between the factors of pregnancy and newborn and the incidence of bronchial asthma in children. Results among 295 matched control cases, there were 9 factors that had significant difference in regression equation by chi-square test. Among them, there were 3 factors during pregnancy (pet keeping history, hyperemesis during pregnancy). There were 6 factors in neonatal period (premature delivery, low birth weight, cesarean section, pathological jaundice, breast-feeding, antibiotic application in neonatal period). The above related factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The risk factors of asthma in children were: history of keeping pets, hyperemesis of pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, premature delivery, cesarean section, pathological jaundice, application of antibiotics in neonatal period, and protective factors: breast-feeding. Conclusion Pet breeding history, hyperemesis during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, premature delivery, cesarean section, pathological jaundice, antibiotic use in neonatal period are the risk factors of asthma in children. Breast feeding is the protective factor of asthma in children. If we can prevent and control the above risk factors, reduce the potential risk of various risk factors and promote breastfeeding, it is of great significance to reduce the incidence of asthma in children.
【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R725.6

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