【摘要】：豬生產(chǎn)過程中受到眾多環(huán)境因素影響,其中影響較為顯著的是環(huán)境溫度,本試驗結(jié)合我國北方地區(qū)冬季氣候特點,研究了持續(xù)低溫環(huán)境對生長肥育豬生產(chǎn)性能、飼料中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率、氮素利用、氣體代謝、供能物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化趨勢和產(chǎn)熱量的影響;為探究低溫飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境下,如何合理提高豬生產(chǎn)效率,提高飼糧利用率,降低對環(huán)境的污染,實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)豬業(yè)綠色高效發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)。試驗選用10頭30±1.5kg,日齡相同,體況健康,遺傳背景相同的的杜×長×大三元雜交去勢公豬,隨機分為2個處理組,每組5個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)1頭豬。試驗以溫度的不同分為2個處理組,分別為23℃(對照組)和13℃(試驗組);試驗共22天,其中預(yù)飼期3天,正式試驗期19天。試驗期豬單籠單槽飼養(yǎng),自由采食飲水。試驗結(jié)果如下:1、低溫飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境會使生長肥育豬日采食量、料重比顯著增加(P0.05),而日增重,背膘厚度有所降低;會顯著增加血清尿素氮含量(P0.05),血糖、甘油三酯等血液生化指標(biāo)也會有所增加。2、低溫飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境顯著降低了生長豬對飼料中粗蛋白的表觀消化率(P0.05),對粗脂肪表觀消化率、能量利用率及干物質(zhì)消化率也均略有降低,但統(tǒng)計學(xué)上差異不顯著(P0.05)。氮素利用方面,低溫環(huán)境會顯著增加糞氮排放量與總氮排出量(P0.05),尿氮排放量增加15.19%,而氮的沉積率降低3.59%。3、溫度的降低會使豬呼吸過程中,耗氧量和二氧化碳產(chǎn)生量極顯著增加(P0.01),分別增加26.2%和23.23%;產(chǎn)熱量也極顯著增加(P0.01),呼吸熵降低,機體產(chǎn)生能量所消耗的底物由碳水化合物逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向為脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)。綜上所述,在低溫飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境下,會對豬的生長性能、飼料內(nèi)各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,使生產(chǎn)效率降低;且寒冷環(huán)境下,豬維持產(chǎn)熱增加,飼料氧化供能物質(zhì)逐漸由碳水化合物向脂肪轉(zhuǎn)換;此外也會增加氮和CO_2的排放,加劇對環(huán)境的負(fù)擔(dān)。
[Abstract]:In the process of pig production, there are many environmental factors, among which environmental temperature is the most significant one. According to the characteristics of winter climate in northern China, the effect of continuous low temperature environment on the production performance of growing and finishing pigs was studied in this experiment. In order to investigate the effects of digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen utilization, gas metabolism, conversion trend of energy supply substances and heat production in feed, how to improve production efficiency of pigs, increase dietary utilization rate, and reduce pollution to the environment were investigated. To achieve green and efficient development of pig industry provides theoretical basis. Ten ovariectomized boars with 30 鹵1.5 kg of age, same body health and same genetic background were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, 5 replicates in each group and 1 pig in each. The experiment was divided into two groups according to the temperature, 23 鈩，

本文編號：2235077