【摘要】：新聞是時代的話語,話語是時代的縮影,新聞話語變遷的背后就是社會歷史的演進和思想文化的發(fā)展。研究新聞報道的話語變遷,不僅能總結(jié)出媒體、受眾對新聞事件的態(tài)度變化以及新聞報道的規(guī)律,在一定程度上也能以新聞事件為基點探究不同社會階段的社會認知和社會表達行為,進而窺探大眾社會心理,發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞話語對社會的建構(gòu)規(guī)律,使新聞報道更好地為社會發(fā)展服務(wù)。本文使用定性分析的一般思路,選擇自然災(zāi)難新聞這一特殊題材為研究基點,以新浪網(wǎng)1999年至2016年的網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞專題為研究對象和樣本庫,試圖透過新聞話語的特征變化挖掘背后隱藏著的社會意義。具體思路如下:首先,構(gòu)建研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過對關(guān)鍵詞“自然災(zāi)難新聞”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞專題”、“話語”的界定,初步確定研究范圍,對本文運用的梵·迪克的新聞話語分析理論作出簡要解讀,對其理論框架進行拆解,解釋宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、話語風格和話語修辭的具體含義,并結(jié)合本研究的實際需要構(gòu)建分析模型。其次,確定具體的研究樣本。根據(jù)梵·迪克的新聞話語分析理論對話語樣本的要求,結(jié)合新聞專題的自身特點,選取18個網(wǎng)絡(luò)專題樣本中首次報道自然災(zāi)難事件的新聞消息作為主要樣本,運用之前構(gòu)建的理論分析模型對樣本的話語變遷過程進行細致分析。再次,結(jié)合樣本實例,從內(nèi)外兩個方面對話語變遷的原因進行深入分析。最后,總結(jié)出新浪網(wǎng)自然災(zāi)難新聞專題的話語變遷過程中的向好趨勢和話語變遷的社會價值,用以指導(dǎo)新聞報道的話語表達,使之更好地服務(wù)于社會,達到話語分析和話語變遷研究的根本目的。按上文思路分析,得出如下主要結(jié)論:一、新浪網(wǎng)自然災(zāi)難新聞專題的話語變遷主要體現(xiàn)在:話語逐步注重導(dǎo)向和理性,從新聞性主導(dǎo)走向人文性主導(dǎo),話語風格務(wù)實化、親民化,話語總體特征由政治話語、經(jīng)濟話語過渡到人本話語。二、自然災(zāi)難新聞專題的話語變遷有其獨特的社會價值,即對社會具有一定的逆向建構(gòu)作用,在強化社會風險意識、推動社會民主進程、增加大眾的社會認同、保障媒介話語場的動態(tài)平衡、研究社會心理和文化結(jié)構(gòu)的演變、維護主流話語權(quán)威等方面都具有重要意義。本研究最有價值之處就在于將話語文本分析與社會實踐相結(jié)合,創(chuàng)新運用了梵·迪克的新聞話語分析理論,對災(zāi)難新聞專題的話語變遷軌跡進行了較為細致的梳理,借此總結(jié)出新聞專題話語變遷的一般規(guī)律和話語變遷對社會的獨特價值,望于學界討論和業(yè)界實踐有益。
[Abstract]:News is the discourse of the times and discourse is the epitome of the times. The evolution of social history and the development of ideology and culture are behind the changes of news discourse. The study of the discourse changes of news reports can not only sum up the changes in the attitude of the media and the audience towards news events, but also the regularity of news reports. To a certain extent, it can also explore the social cognition and social expression behavior in different social stages based on news events, and then probe into the social psychology of the masses, and find out the law of the construction of the society by news discourse. Make the news report serve the social development better. Using the general thinking of qualitative analysis, this paper chooses the natural disaster news as the research base, and takes the network news topic of Sina.com from 1999 to 2016 as the research object and sample library. This paper tries to excavate the hidden social significance through the characteristic change of news discourse. The specific ideas are as follows: first, build the theoretical basis of the study. By defining the keywords "Natural disaster News", "Special Topics of Network News" and "discourse", this paper preliminarily determines the scope of the study, and makes a brief interpretation of Van Dickie's theory of news discourse analysis, which is used in this paper. This paper disassembles its theoretical framework, explains the specific meanings of macro structure, microstructure, discourse style and discourse rhetoric, and constructs an analytical model according to the actual needs of this study. Secondly, specific research samples are determined. According to Van Dickie's theory of news discourse analysis and the characteristics of news topics, this paper selects the news that reports natural disaster events for the first time in 18 network feature samples as the main sample. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the process of discourse change of samples by using the previously constructed theoretical analysis model. Thirdly, combining with sample examples, this paper analyzes the causes of discourse change from both internal and external aspects. Finally, it summarizes the trend of the discourse change and the social value of the discourse change in the course of the news topic of natural disaster of Sina.com, which is used to guide the discourse expression of the news report and make it serve the society better. To achieve the fundamental purpose of discourse analysis and discourse change research. According to the analysis above, the main conclusions are as follows: first, the discourse changes of Sina.com 's natural disaster news are mainly reflected in the following: the discourse gradually pays attention to guidance and rationality, from the leading of journalism to the leading of humanism, the style of discourse is pragmatic. The general characteristics of discourse are from political discourse and economic discourse to humanistic discourse. Second, the discourse change of the topic of natural disaster news has its unique social value, that is, it has the function of converse construction to the society, which strengthens the social risk consciousness, promotes the social democratic process, and increases the social identity of the public. It is of great significance to ensure the dynamic balance of media discourse field, to study the evolution of social psychology and cultural structure, and to maintain the authority of mainstream discourse. The most valuable part of this study lies in the combination of discourse text analysis and social practice, the innovative use of Van Dickie's theory of news discourse analysis, and the detailed combing of discourse changes of disaster news topics. This paper summarizes the general law of news topic discourse change and its unique value to the society, which is beneficial to academic discussion and industry practice.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G212

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