指類句是一種表達(dá)一類事物普遍特征的句子,如“鳥會(huì)飛”,“雞生蛋”,“蚊子攜帶西尼羅河病毒”等,這種表達(dá)在人們的日常對(duì)話和某些百科性質(zhì)的書中十分常見。存在并容忍反例是指類句最大的特點(diǎn)。早在上世紀(jì)70年代,指類句就引起了語言學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)以及人工智能等領(lǐng)域?qū)W者的研究興趣。迄今為止,研究大都集中于對(duì)指類句邏輯形式和形式語義的研究,而對(duì)指類句的形成和識(shí)解的認(rèn)知機(jī)制的研究并不多。近年來,有些學(xué)者開始嘗試從認(rèn)知的角度對(duì)指類句進(jìn)行研究,但還不夠全面深入,很多特殊指類句并不能得到較好的解釋。本研究在現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)不同類型指類句識(shí)解的認(rèn)知機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究,以從更深的層次探究指類句的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)。此外,本研究還通過問卷調(diào)查的形式,分析了中外學(xué)生識(shí)解指類句的真實(shí)情況,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了與指類句識(shí)解有關(guān)的因素。本研究擴(kuò)展了原型范疇理論的應(yīng)用范圍,并對(duì)指類句的語義標(biāo)注和人工智能的發(fā)展有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。研究結(jié)果表明:范疇是圍繞中心原型組織的,可能具有多維度多水平子類原型的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu),并保留了一些涉及特殊經(jīng)歷的樣例信息。根據(jù)帶有某一范疇樣例的經(jīng)歷,個(gè)體會(huì)構(gòu)建一個(gè)中心表達(dá)或者原型,并根據(jù)這一原型表達(dá)理解該類事物。其中,人們關(guān)于某事物... 

【文章來源】：重慶大學(xué)重慶市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：76 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Background and motivation of the study
    1.2 Significance of the study
    1.3 Scope and Methodology of the study
    1.4 Organization of the thesis
Chapter Two Literature Review
    2.1 What is a generic?
    2.2 Overview of previous studies on generics
        2.2.1 Rule-based study
        2.2.2 Probability-based study
        2.2.3 Cognition-based study
        2.2.4 Comparison among the three research methods
    2.3 Summary
Chapter Three The acquisition of prototype category and its cognitive structure
    3.1 Theories and models of categorization
        3.1.1 The classical theory
        3.1.2 The prototype theory
    3.2 The acquisition of prototype categories
        3.2.1 Previous studies on the acquisition of prototype categories
        3.2.2 The basic routes to acquiring prototype categories
    3.3 The cognitive structure of prototype categories
        3.3.1 A parallel accumulation of features
        3.3.2 The cognitive structure of prototypes
        3.3.3 The cognitive structure of prototype categories
    3.4 Summary
Chapter Four The cognitive mechanism of understanding generics based on prototype experience
    4.1 A questionnaire about generics
        4.1.1 Method
        4.1.2 Results
        4.1.3 General discussion
    4.2 The general cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics
    4.3 The cognitive mechanisms of understanding particular generics
        4.3.1 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding gender-relative generics
        4.3.2 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics with possible individuals
        4.3.3 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics with small probability
    4.4 Summary
Chapter Five Conclusion
    5.1 Major findings of the study
    5.2 Limitations of the study
    5.3 Prospect for further study
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E



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