現(xiàn)代漢語羨余否定現(xiàn)象語義分析及界面研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-26 22:48
【摘要】：羨余性作為語言的重要特性,因其違背了語言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則卻又在實(shí)際語用中廣泛存在而備受語言學(xué)界關(guān)注。其中否定標(biāo)記在結(jié)構(gòu)中失去語義價(jià)值的羨余否定現(xiàn)象是其重要類型。本文基于標(biāo)注語料庫,通過對(duì)20種常見羨余否定格式進(jìn)行詳盡的語義結(jié)構(gòu)分析,歸納出每種格式對(duì)應(yīng)的語義結(jié)構(gòu)模型,揭示羨余否定結(jié)構(gòu)中不同義類的核心成分對(duì)后接成分的語義語法制約機(jī)制,并嘗試從語義—語用界面角度對(duì)羨余否定現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了新的解讀。首先,依據(jù)《詞匯義類標(biāo)記集》(李葆嘉,孫道功2011),按照羨余否定結(jié)構(gòu)的通用格式“Y (核心成分)+X (羨余否定詞)+VP”中核心成分Y的詞匯義類,構(gòu)建了羨余否定結(jié)構(gòu)的新分類體系。在該體系下,基于標(biāo)注語料庫歸納出了20種羨余否定格式的語義結(jié)構(gòu)模型,并據(jù)此分析了各大類的動(dòng)核分布情況,其中以數(shù)目最多的陳述類與評(píng)估類為主,發(fā)現(xiàn)陳述類呈現(xiàn)出集中分布而評(píng)估類呈現(xiàn)出分散分布的特點(diǎn)。此外,本研究還揭示了各義類的核心成分對(duì)后接成分在語法和語義上的制約作用。語法制約方面,考察發(fā)現(xiàn)多達(dá)19種格式可后接動(dòng)詞性的肯定結(jié)構(gòu),只有“差……不到”格式中只能接表數(shù)量的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)。另評(píng)估大類的程度類格式除了可以后接動(dòng)詞性結(jié)構(gòu)外,更常見地是后接具有描述性的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)。語義制約方面,陳述類與評(píng)估類內(nèi)部呈現(xiàn)出一致性與差異性的統(tǒng)一,情況較復(fù)雜。而限定類、指稱類、描述類由于格式單一,語義制約也各自不同。總體而言,核心成分的詞匯義和說話人意圖是形成羨余否定結(jié)構(gòu)中語義制約的主要原因。其次,基于對(duì)這20種羨余否定格式的語義結(jié)構(gòu)分析,本文揭示了 6種產(chǎn)生羨余否定現(xiàn)象的原因,分別是內(nèi)隱性否定的溢出、外顯性否定的復(fù)現(xiàn)、詞匯情態(tài)義的復(fù)現(xiàn)、主觀標(biāo)記的凸顯、構(gòu)式演變、小句的整合或糅合。其中屬于“內(nèi)隱性否定的溢出”的羨余否定格式有10種,所占比例最高;而“外顯性否定的復(fù)現(xiàn)”與“詞匯情態(tài)義的復(fù)現(xiàn)”分別占2種和3種�？疾彀l(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際上這三種成因之間具有一致性,它們都集中體現(xiàn)了語義的底層制約性。而其他三種成因概括面較小,分別占有1種、2種和1種,它們更多地體現(xiàn)了語言在運(yùn)用過程中的演變和語用作用的凸顯。最后,本文從凸顯主觀性、增強(qiáng)語言的表現(xiàn)力、更符合漢語的說話習(xí)慣三個(gè)方面探討了羨余否定這一特殊語言現(xiàn)象的語用價(jià)值。并就此在語義—語用存有界面觀的立場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行了延伸,嘗試性地探討了羨余否定現(xiàn)象中的語義—語用問題。本文以預(yù)設(shè)觸發(fā)語和部分格式核心成分的交叉關(guān)系為出發(fā)點(diǎn),揭示了部分核心成分可作觸發(fā)語,通過自身的詞匯意義提供表層的語義線索,從而使聽話者能夠在聽見核心成分時(shí)即時(shí)激發(fā)預(yù)設(shè)包含的背景信息,從而對(duì)后接結(jié)構(gòu)的語義內(nèi)容做出正確反應(yīng),通過語用推理準(zhǔn)確抓住說話人意圖,不會(huì)因羨余否定詞而受到誤導(dǎo)。本文僅選擇了現(xiàn)代漢語中常用的20種羨余否定格式作為研究對(duì)象,在對(duì)羨余性的語言現(xiàn)象的覆蓋范圍方面仍然具有一定的受限性,還需進(jìn)一步完善。同時(shí),本選題在語義-語用界面研究上只是進(jìn)行了初探,繼續(xù)挖掘像羨余否定現(xiàn)象這類語用價(jià)值極高的語言現(xiàn)象在界面互動(dòng)上的規(guī)律還亟待后續(xù)學(xué)者的關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:As an important feature of the language, the essence of the language has been paid much attention by the linguistic circle because of the violation of the economic principle of the language and the widespread existence of the practical pragmatics. The non-negative phenomenon in which the negative mark loses its semantic value in the structure is its important type. In this paper, based on the dimension corpus, the semantic structure model corresponding to each format is analyzed by the detailed semantic structure analysis of the 20 common residual negative forms, and the semantic syntax restriction mechanism of the back-connected component is disclosed. In this paper, the author attempts to make a new interpretation of the phenomenon of residual negation from the perspective of semantic and pragmatic interface. First of all, the new classification system of the residual negative structure is constructed according to the lexical meaning of the core component Y in the general format "Y (core component) + X (residual negative) + VP" of the residual negative structure. In this system, the semantic structure model of 20 kinds of non-negative forms is presented based on the dimension corpus, and the distribution of the moving cores in each category is analyzed, among which the most number of statements and the evaluation classes are the main ones. It is found that the presentation class presents a concentrated distribution and the evaluation class presents the characteristics of the dispersed distribution. In addition, this study also reveals the restrictive effect of the core components of the various classes on the grammar and the grammar. In the aspect of grammar, it is found that as many as 19 forms can be connected to the affirmative structure of the verb, only the noun structure of the number of tables can be connected in the "Poor. can't find" format. The degree-of-class format of another category can be followed by a verb-based structure, more often followed by a descriptive term structure. In terms of the semantic constraints, the unity of the consistency and the difference between the statement and the evaluation class is more complex. The definition class, the reference class and the description class are each different due to the single format and the semantic restriction. In general, the lexical meaning of the core component and the speaker's intention are the main reason to form the semantic restriction in the residual negative structure. Secondly, based on the analysis of the semantic structure of the non-negative forms of these 20 species, this paper reveals the causes of the non-negative phenomena, which are the spillover of the implicit negative, the recurrence of the external dominant negative, the recurrence of the meaning of the words, the salience of the subjective marks, and the evolution of the structure. A whole or a combination of small sentences. Among them, there are 10 types of non-negative forms belonging to the "the overflow of the implicit negative", and the proportion is the highest; and the "the recurrence of external dominant negative" and the "The Repetition of the Meaning of the Lexical Modality" account for 2 and 3 respectively. It is found that there is a consistency between these three causes, and they all reflect the underlying making of the semantic. The other three causes are small, with one, two and one, more of which reflect the evolution of the language in the process of application and the salience of the pragmatic function. In the end, this paper discusses the pragmatic value of the phenomenon of the special language from the three aspects of the subjectivity, the enhancement of the expressive force of the language, and the speaking habit of the Chinese. This paper extends the position of the interface view in the semantics and pragmatics, and tries to explore the semantic and pragmatic problems in the phenomenon of residual negation. Based on the cross-relation between the pre-set trigger and the core component of partial format, this paper reveals that some of the core components can be triggered, and the semantic clue of the surface layer can be provided through its own lexical meaning. So that the listener can instantly excite the preset background information when the core component is heard, so that the semantic content of the back-connected structure can be correctly reacted, the intention of the speaker can be accurately captured through the pragmatic inference, and the listener can not be misled by the residual negative word. In this paper, we have only selected 20 kinds of non-negative forms commonly used in modern Chinese as the research object, and still have a certain limited nature in the coverage of the language phenomenon of the more and more, and need to be further improved. At the same time, in the study of the semantic-pragmatic interface, the topic of this topic is only a preliminary study, and the law of the language phenomenon which is extremely high in pragmatic value, such as the phenomenon of the negation of the phenomenon, is still in need of the follow-up scholars' attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146;H136
本文編號(hào)：2506567
[Abstract]:As an important feature of the language, the essence of the language has been paid much attention by the linguistic circle because of the violation of the economic principle of the language and the widespread existence of the practical pragmatics. The non-negative phenomenon in which the negative mark loses its semantic value in the structure is its important type. In this paper, based on the dimension corpus, the semantic structure model corresponding to each format is analyzed by the detailed semantic structure analysis of the 20 common residual negative forms, and the semantic syntax restriction mechanism of the back-connected component is disclosed. In this paper, the author attempts to make a new interpretation of the phenomenon of residual negation from the perspective of semantic and pragmatic interface. First of all, the new classification system of the residual negative structure is constructed according to the lexical meaning of the core component Y in the general format "Y (core component) + X (residual negative) + VP" of the residual negative structure. In this system, the semantic structure model of 20 kinds of non-negative forms is presented based on the dimension corpus, and the distribution of the moving cores in each category is analyzed, among which the most number of statements and the evaluation classes are the main ones. It is found that the presentation class presents a concentrated distribution and the evaluation class presents the characteristics of the dispersed distribution. In addition, this study also reveals the restrictive effect of the core components of the various classes on the grammar and the grammar. In the aspect of grammar, it is found that as many as 19 forms can be connected to the affirmative structure of the verb, only the noun structure of the number of tables can be connected in the "Poor. can't find" format. The degree-of-class format of another category can be followed by a verb-based structure, more often followed by a descriptive term structure. In terms of the semantic constraints, the unity of the consistency and the difference between the statement and the evaluation class is more complex. The definition class, the reference class and the description class are each different due to the single format and the semantic restriction. In general, the lexical meaning of the core component and the speaker's intention are the main reason to form the semantic restriction in the residual negative structure. Secondly, based on the analysis of the semantic structure of the non-negative forms of these 20 species, this paper reveals the causes of the non-negative phenomena, which are the spillover of the implicit negative, the recurrence of the external dominant negative, the recurrence of the meaning of the words, the salience of the subjective marks, and the evolution of the structure. A whole or a combination of small sentences. Among them, there are 10 types of non-negative forms belonging to the "the overflow of the implicit negative", and the proportion is the highest; and the "the recurrence of external dominant negative" and the "The Repetition of the Meaning of the Lexical Modality" account for 2 and 3 respectively. It is found that there is a consistency between these three causes, and they all reflect the underlying making of the semantic. The other three causes are small, with one, two and one, more of which reflect the evolution of the language in the process of application and the salience of the pragmatic function. In the end, this paper discusses the pragmatic value of the phenomenon of the special language from the three aspects of the subjectivity, the enhancement of the expressive force of the language, and the speaking habit of the Chinese. This paper extends the position of the interface view in the semantics and pragmatics, and tries to explore the semantic and pragmatic problems in the phenomenon of residual negation. Based on the cross-relation between the pre-set trigger and the core component of partial format, this paper reveals that some of the core components can be triggered, and the semantic clue of the surface layer can be provided through its own lexical meaning. So that the listener can instantly excite the preset background information when the core component is heard, so that the semantic content of the back-connected structure can be correctly reacted, the intention of the speaker can be accurately captured through the pragmatic inference, and the listener can not be misled by the residual negative word. In this paper, we have only selected 20 kinds of non-negative forms commonly used in modern Chinese as the research object, and still have a certain limited nature in the coverage of the language phenomenon of the more and more, and need to be further improved. At the same time, in the study of the semantic-pragmatic interface, the topic of this topic is only a preliminary study, and the law of the language phenomenon which is extremely high in pragmatic value, such as the phenomenon of the negation of the phenomenon, is still in need of the follow-up scholars' attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146;H136
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 鐘書能;劉爽;;漢語羨余否定構(gòu)式中的“沒”真的是個(gè)羨余標(biāo)記嗎?[J];外國語(上海外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào));2015年03期
2 董珊序;;新格萊斯視角下預(yù)設(shè)的語義—語用界面研究[J];海外英語;2015年09期
3 楊子;王雪明;;現(xiàn)代漢語冗余否定的類型研究[J];語言研究;2015年01期
4 張立飛;;漢語“沒+MVp”構(gòu)式的認(rèn)知理據(jù)和語義結(jié)構(gòu)[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2015年01期
5 朱楚宏;倪彩霞;;動(dòng)賓否定羨余句的生成理據(jù)[J];玉溪師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2014年06期
6 魯承發(fā);;“差一點(diǎn)”句式研究述評(píng)[J];理論月刊;2014年03期
7 王志英;;“不”和“沒(有)”在羨余否定格式中的互補(bǔ)性與同一性[J];云南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)與研究版);2014年01期
8 侯國金;;從格賴斯循環(huán)到顯含義之爭(zhēng)——語義—語用分水嶺問題[J];外國語文;2013年06期
9 朱躍;伍菡;;對(duì)近十年來國內(nèi)外語界面研究的思考[J];外國語文;2013年05期
10 侯國金;;語義學(xué)和語用學(xué),得一可安意義之天下——小議互補(bǔ)主義和語用學(xué)的跨學(xué)科潮流[J];外語學(xué)刊;2013年02期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 王志英;現(xiàn)代漢語特殊否定現(xiàn)象認(rèn)知研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年
2 顏紅菊;現(xiàn)代漢語復(fù)合詞語義結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2007年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條
1 邱瑩;現(xiàn)代漢語隱性否定動(dòng)詞的ㄓ嚳穸ㄏ窒笱芯縖D];江西師范大學(xué);2015年
2 時(shí)春暉;基于標(biāo)記理論的現(xiàn)代漢語羨余否定現(xiàn)象研究[D];北京外國語大學(xué);2014年
3 劉曉文;現(xiàn)代漢語“好不+X”格式研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年
4 宋慧芳;責(zé)備類羨余否定的多角度分析[D];華中師范大學(xué);2012年
5 石婧;現(xiàn)代漢語羨余否定現(xiàn)象研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年
6 楊紅梅;副詞“幾乎、險(xiǎn)些、差點(diǎn)兒”的多角度考察[D];湖南大學(xué);2010年
7 石成成;漢語冗余否定的順應(yīng)論分析[D];四川外語學(xué)院;2010年
8 王進(jìn)文;現(xiàn)代漢語羨余否定及其格式研究[D];揚(yáng)州大學(xué);2008年
9 張玲;關(guān)于“差點(diǎn)兒+（沒）VP”句式及相關(guān)句式的研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2008年
10 曹婧一;羨余否定的語用認(rèn)知分析[D];首都師范大學(xué);2007年
，本文編號(hào)：2506567
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/wenyilunwen/yuyanyishu/2506567.html
最近更新
教材專著
