發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-14 17:41

【摘要】：本文利用鼻音計(jì)對(duì)34位發(fā)音人語(yǔ)流中的鼻化度進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)包括三四字組和不同語(yǔ)速、不同焦點(diǎn)位置的陳述句,對(duì)語(yǔ)流中的元音、鼻音聲母和鼻音韻尾的鼻化度進(jìn)行了比較分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果同單字組、雙字組和前人研究成果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的異同。利用PRAAT軟件測(cè)量了語(yǔ)流中不同音節(jié)的聲學(xué)特征,包括:音長(zhǎng)、音強(qiáng)、四條共振峰(F1、F2、F3、F4),試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)鼻化度的改變對(duì)其聲學(xué)特征的影響。利用SPSS軟件對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,考察不同因素對(duì)鼻化度及其聲學(xué)特征影響的顯著性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:在不同的音節(jié)組合中,不同位置的元音排序不一致。輕聲、兒化均對(duì)鼻化度有一定影響。語(yǔ)速對(duì)不同性質(zhì)的語(yǔ)音的鼻化度的影響是不同的。元音/a/、/y/的內(nèi)在鼻化度在不同語(yǔ)速中的表現(xiàn)為慢速中速快速;元音/i/、/u/、/(?)/表現(xiàn)為快速中速慢速;元音/(?)/則表現(xiàn)為在中速中鼻化度最大,慢速次之,快速最小。/m/、/n/兩個(gè)鼻音聲母的鼻化度在不同語(yǔ)速中的具體表現(xiàn)為:慢速中速快速,在慢速中的鼻化度更接近單獨(dú)發(fā)音值。語(yǔ)速對(duì)鼻音韻尾的鼻化度的影響與鼻音聲母表現(xiàn)基本一致,語(yǔ)速越快,鼻尾的鼻化度就越小。前鼻尾/-n/處于焦點(diǎn)位置時(shí),其弱化率和鼻化率均較大,非焦點(diǎn)音節(jié)的弱化率小于焦點(diǎn)音節(jié),鼻化率高于焦點(diǎn)音節(jié)。與雙字組相比較,焦點(diǎn)音節(jié)和非焦點(diǎn)音節(jié)鼻化度均小于雙字組,弱化率低于雙字組,鼻化率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于雙字組。后鼻尾/-η/也存在一定程度的弱化和鼻化,但比率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于前鼻尾/-n/,且后鼻尾鼻化度數(shù)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差較小,相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,受語(yǔ)流影響較少。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the nasal degree of 34 speakers was statistically analyzed by nasal phonometer. The experiment includes three or four character groups and declarative sentences with different speed and focus position. The vowels, nasal consonants and nasal vowels at the end of the language flow are compared and analyzed. The experimental results are compared with those of the single word group, the double character group and the previous research results, and the similarities and differences are tried to find out. The acoustic characteristics of different syllables in the stream were measured by PRAAT software, including length, intensity and four resonance peaks (F1, F2, F3, F4). The influence of the change of nasal degree on the acoustic characteristics was tried to find out. The experimental results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software, and the significance of different factors on nasal degree and its acoustic characteristics was investigated. The experimental results are as follows: in different syllable combinations, the vowel ranking in different positions is inconsistent. Soft sound and children have a certain effect on the degree of nose. The effect of speech speed on the nasal degree of different properties of speech is different. The internal nasal degree of vowel / a / vowel Vowel / (?) / shows the highest degree of nose in medium speed, the second in slow speed, and the smallest in speed. The degree of nose in slow speed is closer to the sound value alone. The effect of speech speed on the nasal degree at the end of nasal rhyme is basically the same as that of nasal consonant. The faster the speed of speech, the smaller the nasal degree at the end of nose. When the anterior nasal tail /-n / is in the focus position, the weakening rate and the nose rate of the non-focus syllable are higher than those of the focus syllable, and the snuff rate of the non-focus syllable is lower than that of the focus syllable. Compared with the double-character group, the nasal degree of the focus syllable and the non-focus syllable was lower than that of the double-character group, the weakening rate was lower than that of the double-character group, and the nose rate of the two-character group was much higher than that of the double-character group. There is also a certain degree of weakening and rhinization of the posterior nasal tail /-畏 /, but the ratio is much smaller than that of the anterior nasal tail /-n / n, and the standard deviation of the posterior nasal tail nose degree is small, relatively stable, and less affected by the flow of speech.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H172.1

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