【摘要】：測度問句是疑問句的一個重要的類別。我們以《晉書》測度問句為主要研究對象,做了以下幾項工作：1.通過分類描寫,勾勒出《晉書》測度問句的整體面貌�！稌x書》中測度問句一般有測度副詞或語氣詞,或者二者兼有,沒有既無測度副詞也無語氣詞的測度問句；句式以測度副詞放在主語之后為常,也有少量“豈”、“將”置于主語之前的用例；測度問句主要用于探因、評價和預(yù)測。2.分析測度問句與估測性陳述句、是非問句、反詰問句在語氣、副詞、結(jié)構(gòu)形式上的異同,根據(jù)信、疑度以及上下文信息進行辨別；《晉書》有三類非典型范疇的測度問句：一是部分副詞用“其”、“殆”,句末語氣詞為“也”、“矣”,且表達征兆類話語的句子；二是部分副詞用“其”、“抑”、“殆”、“蓋”的判斷定性類句子；三是部分本身含有否定語義成分或常用于表否定的“得無”、“豈”類句子。3.區(qū)分原始語料和其他語料,對《晉書》測度問句進行共時和歷時的比較研究,得出的主要結(jié)論是：《晉書》測度問句以“其”類和“豈”類為主,“豈”類測度問句在晉代書面語中已經(jīng)發(fā)展得較為完備。在歷時的發(fā)展過程中,兩類測度問句存在微調(diào)的現(xiàn)象。在晉代口語中,“無乃”類測度問句已衰落,而“得無”類則在晉代口語中較盛行,在書面語中較少使用�！稌x書》其他語料中測度副詞的使用格局與晉代口語性材料中的測度問句更有相似性,而與唐代口語性材料中測度問句差異較大。從“將”類測度問句的歷時發(fā)展情況以及它在唐代語料中的使用情況來看,《晉書》中的其它語料很有可能受到晉代口語性語料(主要是漢譯佛經(jīng)語料)的影響,甚至可能受到了漢譯佛經(jīng)語言影響。
[Abstract]:Measure question is an important category of interrogative sentence. We take the measurement question of Jin Shu as the main research object, and do the following work: 1. Through the classification description, the author outlines the whole appearance of the measure question in Jin Shu. The measure question in Jin Shu generally has measure adverbs or mood words, or both, and there is no measure question with neither measure adverb nor mood word. The measure adverb is usually followed by the subject, and there are a few use cases in which the measure adverb is placed before the subject, and the measure question is mainly used to explore, evaluate and predict. 2. This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between measure question and evaluative statement, non-question, rhetorical question in mood, adverb, and structural form, and distinguishes them according to the information of letter, doubt and context. "Jin Shu" has three kinds of non-typical categories: first, some adverbs use "its", "almost", the final mood of the sentence is "also", "Yi", and express the symptoms of the sentence; Second, some adverbs use "its", "suppress", "almost", "cover" to judge qualitative sentences; third, some of them contain negative semantic elements or are often used to express negative "no", "do" type sentences. 3. This paper distinguishes the original corpus from other corpus, and makes a comparative study of synchronic and diachronic measurement questions in Jin Shu. The main conclusions are as follows: the measurement questions are mainly of "its" type and "how" type. In the written language of Jin Dynasty, the measurement question of "do" has been developed quite well. In the course of diachronic development, two kinds of measure questions exist the phenomenon of fine-tuning. In the spoken language of Jin Dynasty, the category of "no is" has declined, while the category of "get nothing" is more popular in the spoken language of Jin Dynasty. The usage pattern of measure adverbs in other corpus is more similar to the measure question in the oral materials of Jin Dynasty, but it is quite different from the measure question in the oral materials of Tang Dynasty. Judging from the diachronic development of the "will" type question and its use in the Tang Dynasty corpus, it is very likely that the other data in Jin Shu will be influenced by the spoken data of Jin Dynasty (mainly the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures). It may even be influenced by the language of Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H141
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本文編號：2344136