【摘要】：公共演講在社會生活中扮演著重要的角色。在政治領(lǐng)域,它是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的一種體現(xiàn)形式。在個體生活中,它能帶給人一種滿足感,幫助個體樹立自信。英語公共演講盛行于國內(nèi)外,能在學(xué)業(yè)、職業(yè)和社會交往等層面使大學(xué)生廣為受益。英語公共演講尤其有助于促進(jìn)中國大學(xué)生的的英語學(xué)習(xí)。早在20世紀(jì)初,言據(jù)性就被視為一種語言現(xiàn)象來進(jìn)行研究。20世紀(jì)80年代,國外言據(jù)性研究取得了顯著的進(jìn)步。國內(nèi)的言據(jù)性研究始于20世紀(jì)90年代,如今的發(fā)展仍處于起步階段,需要很大的完善。針對英語公共演講,許多學(xué)者早前就從諸多角度做過研究,但迄今為止少有人從言據(jù)性角度做過探討。對英語演講而言,言據(jù)性是不可或缺的,因為它可以表明演講中證據(jù)的類型,使其更具信服力。因此,對英語公共演講中的言據(jù)性進(jìn)行研究很有必要。本論文針對中美大學(xué)生英語演講中的言據(jù)性進(jìn)行了對比分析。本論文采用言據(jù)性的廣義定義和廣義分類作為理論框架。廣義上的言據(jù)性能夠表達(dá)信息來源及講話者對信息可信度所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。基于胡壯麟對Chafe言據(jù)性理論的修正,本研究將言據(jù)性分為六類:信念(文化證據(jù)),歸納(感官證據(jù)),傳聞(言語證據(jù)),演繹(假設(shè)證據(jù)),信度和預(yù)期。言據(jù)性特征的對比分析意在為中國的英語演講教學(xué)和演講表達(dá)提供指導(dǎo)借鑒。通過定量方法和定性方法的結(jié)合,本文主要闡明以下問題:(i)中美大學(xué)生英語演講中據(jù)素的總體使用頻率是多少?(ii)兩種語料中據(jù)素分布類型有哪些?(iii)兩種語料中據(jù)素使用有何異同?(iv)英語演講中使用的據(jù)素反映了什么語篇特征?本研究收集了20篇中國大學(xué)生的英語演講,語料來自“外研社杯”英語演講大賽,也收集了20篇美國大學(xué)生的英語演講,語料來自《美國大學(xué)生英語演講點(diǎn)評》。統(tǒng)計分析結(jié)果表明據(jù)素密集分布于中美大學(xué)生英語演講,但中國大學(xué)生的據(jù)素使用頻率略高于美國大學(xué)生。在兩種語料中六類言據(jù)性的分布都不均衡。預(yù)期和演繹據(jù)素占主體,傳聞、歸納和信度據(jù)素居中,信念據(jù)素使用最少。兩國大學(xué)生英語演講據(jù)素分布的差異可以歸因為演講者的英語能力,思維模式差異及文化差異。言據(jù)性的使用能夠體現(xiàn)英語演講的兩個顯著語篇特征:可信性和交互性。言據(jù)性的對比研究具有重大意義,它是把言據(jù)性應(yīng)用到實用語篇的一次實踐。該研究有望培養(yǎng)英語學(xué)習(xí)者的言據(jù)性意識,并為中國的英語演講教學(xué)和演講表達(dá)帶來啟示。
[Abstract]:Public speaking plays an important role in social life. In politics, it is a form of leadership. In the individual life, it can bring a kind of satisfaction, help the individual to build self-confidence. English public speaking is popular at home and abroad and can benefit college students in academic, professional and social communication. English public speaking is especially helpful to promote the English learning of Chinese college students. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, discourse was regarded as a linguistic phenomenon to study. The research of textual evidence in China began in 1990's, and its development is still in its infancy and needs great perfection. Many scholars have done many researches on public speaking in English earlier, but so far few have discussed it from the point of view of substantiation. For English speaking, verbality is indispensable because it can indicate the type of evidence in the speech and make it more convincing. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evidential nature of English public speaking. This thesis makes a contrastive analysis of English speech of Chinese and American college students. This thesis uses the generalized definition and classification of positivity as the theoretical framework. Broadly speaking, it can express the source of information and the responsibility of the speaker for the credibility of the information. Based on Hu Zhuanglin's revision of Chafe's theory of substantiality, the present study classifies verbal nature into six categories: belief (cultural evidence), inductive (sensory evidence), hearsay (verbal evidence), deductive (hypothetical evidence), reliability and expectation. The contrastive analysis of verbal characteristics is intended to provide guidance for the teaching and expression of English speech in China. Through the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper mainly expounds the following questions: what is the overall frequency of the use of elements in: (i) Chinese and American college students' English speeches? What are the distribution types of primes in the (ii) data? What are the similarities and differences in the use of primes in the two (iii) corpora? What textual features do the elements used in (iv) 's English speeches reflect? The present study collected 20 English speeches of Chinese college students from the Foreign Institute Cup English speaking contest and 20 American college students' English speeches. The data were collected from the Review of American College students' English speech. The results of statistical analysis show that Chinese college students are more frequently used than American students in English speaking. In the two kinds of corpus, the distribution of six categories of verbal evidences is not balanced. Anticipatory and deductive primes occupy the main body, hearsay, induction and reliability as prime centers, and belief as the least used. The differences in the distribution of elements in English speaking between the two countries can be attributed to the speakers' English ability, thinking patterns and cultural differences. The use of textual evidence can reflect the two salient features of English speech: credibility and interactivity. The contrastive study of textual evidence is of great significance, and it is a practice of applying it to practical discourse. It is hoped that this study will cultivate the verbal awareness of English learners and bring enlightenment to the teaching and expression of English speech in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H313;H136

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