【摘要】：漢語全濁聲母的清化是一條非常重要的語音演變規(guī)律。中古全濁塞音、塞擦音聲母在現(xiàn)代漢語方言中的清化類型可以分為七類,而在山西方言中就有四種之多,分別是：(1)平送仄不送——晉東南及晉北地區(qū)的大部分方言;(2)平送,仄部分送部分不送——晉南汾河片方言和晉西呂梁片大部分方言；(3)仄不送,平部分送部分不送——并州片方言；(4)平仄各有部分送氣部分不送氣——晉北五臺(tái)片的五臺(tái)、定襄、忻州、原平,及云中片的大同、山陰等地。其中,前三種是典型類型。由于呂梁片和并州片幾乎包含了山西方言全濁塞音、塞擦音聲母清化的幾種典型類型,且在地理位置上兩片相毗連,便于比較分析二者的差異,所以本文以呂梁片和并州片作為考察對(duì)象,嘗試運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代音系學(xué)理論從語音內(nèi)部的演變規(guī)律和方言接觸角度分析山西方言全濁塞音、塞擦音聲母的演變路徑及次序,并預(yù)測(cè)其可能的演變趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)語音演變規(guī)律和方言接觸的影響可知呂梁片全濁塞音、塞擦音聲母的演變路徑是：√√(平仄都送)√○(平送,仄部分送部分不送)√×(平送仄不送)。在整個(gè)演變過程中,塞擦音仄聲先由清送氣音變?yōu)榍宀凰蜌庖?塞音仄聲再變。并州片方言全濁塞音、塞擦音聲母的演變路徑是：××(平仄都不送)○×(仄不送,平部分送部分不送)√×(平送仄不送)。整個(gè)演變過程中,平聲由不送氣變?yōu)樗蜌?塞音和塞擦音的次序沒有明顯的規(guī)律�？紤]這可能是由于受方言本身特點(diǎn)以及歷史、社會(huì)、地理等方面因素的影響,方言接觸的深度在各個(gè)方言中并不相同,所以很難有明顯的規(guī)律。呂梁片的√○和并州片的○×都屬于演變過程中的過渡型,最終都有可能會(huì)被強(qiáng)勢(shì)語言類型√×替換。而替換完成之后,若語音再朝著更加簡(jiǎn)化的方向發(fā)展,兩片發(fā)展的方向很有可能會(huì)遵循√×○×××的方向,因?yàn)閺陌l(fā)音特點(diǎn)來看,××是最優(yōu)最自然、發(fā)音最省力的類型。
[Abstract]:It is a very important rule of phonetic evolution that the Chinese consonant is purged. In modern Chinese dialects, there are seven types of purging consonants in modern Chinese dialects, but there are as many as four in Shanxi dialects, which are as follows: (1) the majority of dialects in southeast Shanxi and northern Shanxi; (3) the tongues of Fenhe and Lv Liang in the western part of Shanxi; (3) the dialect of Fenhe and Lv Liang in the western part of Shanxi; (3) the dialect of the flat part and the part of the flat part; and (4) the five platforms of the Wutai tablet in the north of Jinbei, Dingxiang, Xinzhou, Yuanping, and Yunzhong film Datong, Shanyin and other places. Among them, the first three are typical types. Because Lv Liang film and shunzhou film almost contain several typical types of Shanxi dialect total turbid choking, and the two pieces are adjacent to each other in geographical position, it is convenient to compare and analyze the difference between the two. Therefore, taking Lv Liang film and Shizhou film as the object of investigation, this paper tries to use modern phonological theory to analyze the evolution path and order of the total turbid silencing and the initial syllable of Shanxi dialect from the angle of phonetic internal evolution and dialect contact. And forecast its possible evolution trend. According to the law of phonetic evolution and the influence of dialect contact, it can be seen that Lv Liang film is completely turbid and blocked. The evolution path of the initial syllable is: ~ (1) ~ (*) ~ (1) ~ (*) ~ (0) ~ (*). In the whole evolution process, the choke tone first changed from the purge tone to the clear air tone, and then the choke tone changed. The evolutional path of the whole turbid choked tone and the initial syllable is: 脳 脳 (not even at all), 0 脳 (not sent by the flat part), and (x) by sending the tongues from the flat part to the other. In the whole evolution process, the flat sound changed from non-exhalation to exhalation, and the order of stopper and stopper was not obvious. Considering that this may be due to the characteristics of dialects and the influence of historical, social, geographical and other factors, the depth of contact between dialects is not the same in each dialect, so it is difficult to have obvious laws. Both Lv Liang and Shunzhou films belong to the transitional type in the process of evolution and may eventually be replaced by strong language types. After the replacement is completed, if the pronunciation develops towards a more simplified direction, the direction of the development of the two pieces is likely to follow the direction of * 0 脳 脳 脳, because in terms of pronunciation characteristics, 脳 脳 is the most natural and the most labor-saving type of pronunciation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H172.2

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本文編號(hào)：2227432